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Arizona sneezeweed

littlehead tarweed, smallhead sneezeweed

Habit Annuals, 30–70 cm. Annuals, 25–120 cm.
Stems

usually 1, sparingly branched distally, weakly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

1(2–10), branched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

blades all lance-linear, entire or coarsely toothed.

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy (basal withered by flowering);

proximal and mid blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, usually serrate to undulate-serrate, sometimes deeply toothed or laciniate;

distal blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, serrate to undulate-serrate.

Peduncles

4–13 cm, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy.

1.8–8 cm, moderately hairy.

Involucres

globoid to ovoid, 11–16 × 14–20 mm.

globoid to usually ovoid, 4–12 × 4–12 mm.

Ray florets

12–18, pistillate, fertile;

corollas usually yellow, sometimes yellow with purple streaks, 10–20 × 5–13 mm.

7–13, pistillate, fertile;

corollas usually yellow throughout, sometimes reddish proximally and yellow distally, 2.6–9.1 × 1.5–6.7 mm.

Disc florets

300–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to purple to dark blue-purple distally, 3.2–3.6 mm, lobes 5.

120–400+;

corollas yellow to yellow-green proximally, brown to reddish brown distally, 1.2–2.4 mm, lobes (4–)5.

Phyllaries

sparsely to densely hairy.

(connate proximally) moderately hairy.

Heads

1–15(–25) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

20–300+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

2–2.9 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 6–7 entire, aristate scales 1.5–2 mm.

0.7–1.4 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of usually 6 entire, non-aristate scales (0.2–)0.3–0.7 mm.

2n

= 30.

Helenium arizonicum

Helenium microcephalum

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Pine forests, edges of wet places such as bogs, ponds, lakes, ditches
Elevation 1800–2400 m (5900–7900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; OK; TX; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Peduncles 1–3.5 cm, projecting terminal heads barely beyond foliage; involucres 4–8 × 4–8 mm
var. microcephalum
1. Peduncles 1.5–8 cm, usually projecting terminal heads well beyond foliage; involucres 8–12 × 8–12 mm
var. oöclinium
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 432. FNA vol. 21, p. 433.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Subordinate taxa
H. microcephalum var. microcephalum, H. microcephalum var. oöclinium
Name authority S. F. Blake: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27: 388. (1937) de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 667. (1836)
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