Eriophyllum lanatum |
Eriophyllum lanatum var. leucophyllum |
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common woolly sunflower, Oregon sunshine, woolly eriophyllum, woolly sunflower, wooly sunflower |
common woolly sunflower, pale woolly sunflower, western woolly sunflower, woolly eriophyllum |
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Habit | Perennials or subshrubs, 10–100 cm (sometimes flowering first year). | Perennials (often clumped; roots multi-branched). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect to decumbent (usually woolly). |
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Leaves | (proximal usually alternate): blades mostly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1–8 cm, often 1–2(–3)-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins toothed, serrate, or entire, revolute or plane, faces hairy, often woolly (more densely abaxially, sometimes glabrate adaxially; distal leaves reduced in size and lobing). |
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Peduncles | mostly 3–30 cm. |
mostly 3–14 cm. |
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Involucres | campanulate to hemispheric, 6–15 mm diam. |
usually 7–11 mm diam. |
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Ray florets | 0 or 5–13(–15); laminae golden yellow to yellow, 6–20 (× 2–7) mm. |
8–13, sometimes 0; laminae 8–20 mm. |
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Disc florets | 20–300; corollas 2.5–5 mm (tubes usually glandular or glandular-hairy, glabrous in var. hallii). |
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Phyllaries | 5–13(–15), distinct or connate at bases (lanceolate to ovate, carinate or plane). |
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Heads | borne singly or (2–5+) in corymbiform arrays. |
2–5 per array or borne singly. |
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Cypselae | 2–5 mm; pappi usually of 6–12 ovate or cuneate to lanceolate or lance-linear (often unequal), erose or lacerate scales 0.3–2 mm, sometimes coroniform, rarely 0. |
2–3(–4) mm; pappi (0.3–)0.5–1(–1.5) mm. |
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Proximal | leaves (at least on flowering stems) mostly opposite; blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1–(2-)pinnately lobed (lobes ± linear), ultimate margins entire or toothed (teeth 1–2), usually strongly revolute (not crispate), abaxial faces usually densely gray-woolly, adaxial glabrate. |
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2n | = 16, 32. |
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Eriophyllum lanatum |
Eriophyllum lanatum var. leucophyllum |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Moist meadows, dry and rocky coastal or inland sites | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–800 m (0–2600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (probably extinct)
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OR; WA; BC |
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Discussion | Varieties 10 (10 in the flora). Eriophyllum lanatum is a polyploid complex of intergrading regional facies treated here as varieties. Artificial hybridization studies show that strong barriers to interbreeding exist among the varieties at the diploid level (J. S. Mooring 2001). In nature, morphologically intermediate polyploid populations often occur in regions where the ranges of the varieties approach one another. Edaphic factors and light intensity also make identification more difficult by strongly influencing leaf morphology and sizes of structures. For example, cultivated individuals of var. achillioides may have laciniately toothed rather than pinnatifid leaves. Rarely, plants of different varieties maintain their identity while growing side by side. In some instances, one is diploid and the other tetraploid; in others both are diploid. Varieties arachnoideum, croceum, grandiflorum, and obovatum apparently form natural hybrids with E. confertiflorum var. confertiflorum; past hybridizations may have resulted in the origin of E. latilobum and E. jepsonii (L. Constance 1937; P. A. Munz 1959; Mooring 1994) and E. confertiflorum var. tanacetiflorum (Mooring 1994). Our treatment of Eriophyllum lanatum closely follows that of L. Constance (1937), which was done without benefit of cytogeographic studies. The key is to modal populations of the varieties, usually based on living plants. Some varieties have been introduced into cultivation as ornamentals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variety leucophyllum intergrades so smoothly with var. achillioides in southern Oregon that placement of some specimens becomes arbitrary. Eastward, variety leucophyllum passes into var. lanatum along the Columbia River near The Dalles. Polyploid populations of var. leucophyllum occur where it abuts vars. achillioides and lanatum (J. S. Mooring 1975, 2001). L. Constance (1937) and A. Cronquist (1955) submerged var. leucophyllum in var. lanatum. Modal populations of the two varieties differ sharply in respect to roots, leaves, and cypselae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 357. | FNA vol. 21, p. 360. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Baeriinae > Eriophyllum | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Baeriinae > Eriophyllum > Eriophyllum lanatum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Actinella lanata | Bahia leucophylla | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Pursh) J. Forbes: Hort. Woburn., 183. (1833) | (de Candolle) W. R. Carter: Prelim. Cat. Fl. Vancouver, 82. (1921) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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