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sanguine purple coneflower

smooth purple coneflower

Habit Plants to 120 cm (roots fusiform to elongate-turbinate, branched). Plants 35–110 cm (roots fusiform, ± branched).
Herbage

sparsely to densely hairy (hairs spreading, to 1.5 mm) or glabrate.

(glaucous) mostly glabrous (leaves sometimes sparsely hairy abaxially).

Stems

mostly green to purplish.

green.

Basal leaves

petioles 4–12 cm;

blades (1-) or 3-nerved, elliptic to lanceolate, 8–30 × 1–3 cm, bases attenuate, margins entire (usually ciliate).

petioles 4–26 cm;

blades 3- or 5-nerved, elliptic to lanceolate-ovate, 10–50 × 3–6.5 cm, bases broadly cuneate to rounded, margins usually serrate or dentate.

Peduncles

20–50+ cm.

10–40 cm.

Receptacles

paleae 8–11 mm, tips purple, slightly curved, usually rounded.

paleae 7–12 mm, tips orange to brownish purple-tipped, often incurved, sharp-pointed.

Ray corollas

pink to reddish purple, laminae reflexed, 40–70 × 3–4 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy abaxially.

pink to purple, laminae spreading to reflexed, 35–80 × 3–7 mm, sparsely hairy abaxially.

Disc corollas

5.5–6.7 mm, lobes usually purple.

8–9 mm, lobes purple to greenish (usually erect).

Phyllaries

lanceolate to ovate, 7–12 × 1–4 mm.

lanceolate, 3–15 × 2–3(–5) mm.

Cypselae

tan to bicolored (with distal dark brown band), 2.5–5 mm, faces ± tuberculate, glabrous;

pappi to ca. 1 mm (major teeth 0–4).

tan, disc cypselae tan, banded, 4–5 mm, usually glabrous (ray cypselae sometimes hairy on angles);

pappi to 1.2 mm (teeth unequal).

Discs

subspheric, 15–30 × 20–30 mm.

conic to spheric, 15–30 × 15–40 mm.

2n

= 22.

= 22.

Echinacea sanguinea

Echinacea laevigata

Phenology Flowering late spring–early summer. Flowering late spring–early summer.
Habitat Sandy, open, pine woods, prairies Well-drained soils, open wooded hillsides, fields
Elevation 0–200 m (0–700 ft) 100–1100 m (300–3600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; LA; OK; TX
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
GA; NC; PA; SC; VA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

Echinacea laevigata was historically present in Pennsylvania but is now thought to be extirpated; its occurrence in Maryland has not been confirmed; reports of its presence in Alabama and Arkansas are most likely based on misidentifications. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 92. FNA vol. 21, p. 90.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Echinacea Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Echinacea
Sibling taxa
E. angustifolia, E. atrorubens, E. laevigata, E. pallida, E. paradoxa, E. purpurea, E. simulata, E. tennesseensis
E. angustifolia, E. atrorubens, E. pallida, E. paradoxa, E. purpurea, E. sanguinea, E. simulata, E. tennesseensis
Synonyms E. pallida var. sanguinea Brauneria laevigata, E. purpurea var. laevigata
Name authority Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 354. (1840) (C. L. Boynton & Beadle) S. F. Blake: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 273. (1929)
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