Diplotaxis |
Diplotaxis muralis |
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wall-rocket |
annual wall-rocket, cross-weed, sand-rocket, stink-weed, stinking wall-rocket, wall-mustard, wallrocket |
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Habit | Annuals, biennials, or perennials; (sometimes suffrutescent); scapose or not; glabrous, glabrescent, or pubescent. | Annuals or perennials, (short-lived, frequently scapose or subscapose, taprooted), strongly scented (with glucosinolates). | ||||||||
Stems | erect or ascending, branched. |
ascending to suberect, (0.5–)2–5(–6) dm, moderately pubescent (trichomes predominantly patent basally, retrorse distally to near racemes). |
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Leaves | basal and, sometimes, cauline; petiolate or sessile; basal rosulate or not, petiolate, blade margins dentate, sinuate, or pinnatisect; cauline petiolate or sessile, blade (base not auriculate), margins entire or dentate. |
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Basal leaves | (rosulate); blade elliptic to obovate, 2–9 cm × 10–35 mm, margins sinuate to pinnatifid, lyrate, [2–4(–6) lobes each side], (margins and veins glabrescent to sparsely pubescent). |
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Cauline leaves | shortly petiolate to sessile; blade margins entire or dentate. |
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Racemes | (corymbose, sometimes shortly bracteate basally), considerably elongated in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals ascending to spreading, oblong, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals yellow or white [purple], obovate, (apex rounded or truncate); stamens tetradynamous; filaments not dilated basally; anthers oblong to ovate, (apex obtuse); nectar glands (4): lateral cushionlike, median cylindrical. |
sepals 3–5.5 mm, pubescent or glabrous, trichomes straight; petals yellow, 5–8(–10) × 3–5 mm; filaments 3.5–6 mm; anthers 1.5–2 mm; gynophore obsolete or to 0.5 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | ascending, divaricate, or reflexed, stout to slender. |
(3–)8–20(–37) mm. |
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Fruits | siliques, dehiscent, sessile or (long-)stipitate, segments 1 or 2, linear to linear-oblong, torulose, latiseptate or terete; (proximal segment numerous-seeded, 1-veined; terminal segment 0–2-seeded); valves glabrous; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules [12–]20–36(–46)[–276] per ovary; (style obsolete or distinct); stigma capitate or somewhat decurrent, 2-lobed. |
erect-patent, (1.5–)2–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; terminal segment beaklike, (1–)1.5–3 mm, seedless; (ovules 20–36 per ovary). |
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Seeds | usually biseriate, rarely uniseriate, not winged, ovoid or ellipsoid; seed coat (smooth or minutely reticulate), slightly mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons conduplicate. |
0.9–1.3 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
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x | = 7, [8, 9, 10,] 11, [13,] 21. |
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2n | = 42. |
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Diplotaxis |
Diplotaxis muralis |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–fall. | |||||||||
Habitat | Waste ground, disturbed or cultivated soil, ballast places, wharves, roadsides, railroads, around buildings, grazed grasslands | |||||||||
Elevation | 80-2000 m (300-6600 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in n Mexico, West Indies (Bahamas), Bermuda, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia] |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; FL; IA; IL; IN; KS; MA; MI; MN; MT; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; TX; UT; WI; AB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Eurasia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León), West Indies (Bahamas), Bermuda, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Species 25–30 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Diplotaxis muralis was introduced from Europe as a ballast plant in the last century and may have failed to persist in some of the recorded provinces and states. It is an allopolyploid arisen from D. tenuifolia and the Eurasian D. viminea (Linnaeus) de Candolle with 2n = 20 (M. D. Sánchez-Yélamo and J. B. Martínez-Laborde 1991; K. Mummenhoff et al. 1993; G. Eschmann-Grupe et al. 2003). There does not seem to be a sound basis for attributing D. viminea to the flora area, as done by V. I. Dorofeev (1998), because most specimens cited by him belong, in fact, to D. muralis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 432. | FNA vol. 7, p. 433. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium murale, Sinapis muralis | |||||||||
Name authority | de Candolle: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 243. (1821) | (Linnaeus) de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 634. (1821) | ||||||||
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