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broom

common broom, Scot's broom, Scotch broom, Scottish broom

Habit Shrubs [subshrubs or trees], unarmed [armed]. Shrubs (0.7–)1.5–3 m; twigs erect or ascending, green, strongly 5-angled, pubescent or glabrescent.
Stems

green, gray-green, or brownish green, usually ascending or erect, sometimes becoming pendent [prostrate], angled or terete [grooved], pubescent or glabrescent.

Leaves

alternate, odd-pinnate, sometimes reduced or absent in C. multiflorus;

stipules present, caducous, lanceolate;

petiolate;

leaflets 1–5, stipels absent, blade margins entire, surfaces pubescent or glabrous.

12–15 mm;

petiole (2–)6–10 mm, densely pilose, appressed-villous, or glabrate;

leaflets (1 or)3 or 5 (often unifoliolate in new growth), blades obovate or oblong, 5–6.5(–9) × (1.5–)2–4 mm, base rounded, apex abruptly acuminate or cuspidate, surfaces lustrous with age, puberulent or glabrous.

Inflorescences

1–7(or 8)-flowered, axillary and terminal, racemes or glomerules;

bracts present, subpersistent or caducous, usually small, leaflike, 1–3-foliolate;

bracteoles paired proximal to calyx.

erect, 1(2 or 3)-flowered.

Pedicels

(3–)6–10(–12) mm, glabrous.

Flowers

papilionaceous;

calyx cylindric or campanulate, 8–9 mm, lobes 5, connate most of their length, shallowly lobed;

corolla yellow or white [pink, purple], usually glabrous, banner reflexed or not;

stamens 9 or 10, monadelphous [diadelphous];

anthers basifixed;

ovary usually sessile, rarely stipitate;

style abruptly incurved near middle or gently curved ± throughout, glabrous;

stigma terminal.

calyx campanulate, 5–7 mm, lips barely lobed, puberulent or glabrous;

corolla usually yellow, rarely white throughout, wings sometimes reddish, 16–20(–25) mm, banner reflexed or not.

Fruits

legumes, sessile or short-stipitate, laterally compressed or inflated, oblong or linear-oblong, base acuminate to acute, apex acute to rounded, explosively dehiscent, not constricted between seeds, pubescent or glabrous.

Legumes

laterally compressed, narrowly oblong, 3.1–4(–5.5) cm, surfaces glabrous, margins villous.

Seeds

3–12, reniform, ovoid, or rounded, with callous appendage.

4–12, brown, reniform, 2–3 mm.

x

= 12.

2n

= 24, 46, 48.

Cytisus

Cytisus scoparius

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jun(–Oct).
Habitat Thickets, roadsides.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
s Europe; w Europe; nw Africa; n Atlantic Islands [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AL; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; ID; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; SC; TN; VA; WA; WV; BC; NS; PE; s Europe; w Europe; nw Africa; n Atlantic Islands [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America (Argentina, Chile), Pacific Islands (New Zealand)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 50 (4 in the flora).

Chamaecytisus has been treated as distinct (for example, D. Isely 1998); molecular phylogenies have indicated that its species are embedded within the evolutionary structure of Cytisus (E. Käss and M. Wink 1995; P. Cubas et al. 2002).

Cytisus villosus Pourret, a native of southwestern Europe, has been reported as a waif in New York State (R. S. Mitchell and G. C. Tucker 1997). It also occurs in a small population in Victoria, British Columbia (Lomer 8672, UBC).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cytisus scoparius is a problem exotic (C. C. Bossard 1991, 1993, 1996), especially in the coastal regions of Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia, where infestations cover nearly one million hectares. It has long been in cultivation and was introduced to North America in 1850. Plants with reddish wing petals have been distinguished as var. andreanus. Forms with white petals, double-petaled flowers, and dwarf, compact, or procumbent growth forms are known.

Cytisus × dallimorei Rolfe, the hybrid of C. scoparius and C. multiflorus, has been recorded from California.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Twigs terete, grayish or brownish green, becoming pendent; leaflet blades 10–30 mm; inflorescences pendent, (1–)3–7(or 8)-flowered; calyces cylindric, 8–9 mm, abaxial lips 3-lobed; seeds black, ovoid or rounded.
C. proliferus
1. Twigs 5–10-angled, green, erect or ascending; leaflet blades 2–7(–9) mm; inflorescences erect, 1(–3)-flowered; calyces campanulate, 5–7 mm, lips barely lobed; seeds olivaceous to dark brown, reniform.
→ 2
2. Twigs 8–10-angled; calyces appressed-pubescent; legumes inflated, densely white-hairy.
C. striatus
2. Twigs 5-angled; calyces glabrous, puberulent, or villous; legumes laterally compressed, glabrous or margins villous.
→ 3
3. Calyces glabrous or puberulent; corollas usually yellow, rarely white (then unmarked), wings sometimes reddish; legumes narrowly oblong, 3.1–4(–5.5) cm.
C. scoparius
3. Calyces villous; corollas white, banner with medial dark line; legumes linear- oblong, 2.5–3 cm.
C. multiflorus
Source FNA vol. 11. Authors: Gordon C. Tucker, Debra K. Trock, Jenna M. Annis. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Cytisus
Sibling taxa
C. multiflorus, C. proliferus, C. striatus
Subordinate taxa
C. multiflorus, C. proliferus, C. scoparius, C. striatus
Synonyms Chamaecytisus Spartium scoparium, C. scoparius var. andreanus
Name authority Desfontaines: Fl. Atlant. 2: 139. (1798) — name conserved (Linnaeus) Link: Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 241. (1822)
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