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broom

Habit Shrubs [subshrubs or trees], unarmed [armed].
Stems

green, gray-green, or brownish green, usually ascending or erect, sometimes becoming pendent [prostrate], angled or terete [grooved], pubescent or glabrescent.

Leaves

alternate, odd-pinnate, sometimes reduced or absent in C. multiflorus;

stipules present, caducous, lanceolate;

petiolate;

leaflets 1–5, stipels absent, blade margins entire, surfaces pubescent or glabrous.

Inflorescences

1–7(or 8)-flowered, axillary and terminal, racemes or glomerules;

bracts present, subpersistent or caducous, usually small, leaflike, 1–3-foliolate;

bracteoles paired proximal to calyx.

Flowers

papilionaceous;

calyx cylindric or campanulate, 8–9 mm, lobes 5, connate most of their length, shallowly lobed;

corolla yellow or white [pink, purple], usually glabrous, banner reflexed or not;

stamens 9 or 10, monadelphous [diadelphous];

anthers basifixed;

ovary usually sessile, rarely stipitate;

style abruptly incurved near middle or gently curved ± throughout, glabrous;

stigma terminal.

Fruits

legumes, sessile or short-stipitate, laterally compressed or inflated, oblong or linear-oblong, base acuminate to acute, apex acute to rounded, explosively dehiscent, not constricted between seeds, pubescent or glabrous.

Seeds

3–12, reniform, ovoid, or rounded, with callous appendage.

x

= 12.

Cytisus

Distribution
from USDA
s Europe; w Europe; nw Africa; n Atlantic Islands [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 50 (4 in the flora).

Chamaecytisus has been treated as distinct (for example, D. Isely 1998); molecular phylogenies have indicated that its species are embedded within the evolutionary structure of Cytisus (E. Käss and M. Wink 1995; P. Cubas et al. 2002).

Cytisus villosus Pourret, a native of southwestern Europe, has been reported as a waif in New York State (R. S. Mitchell and G. C. Tucker 1997). It also occurs in a small population in Victoria, British Columbia (Lomer 8672, UBC).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Twigs terete, grayish or brownish green, becoming pendent; leaflet blades 10–30 mm; inflorescences pendent, (1–)3–7(or 8)-flowered; calyces cylindric, 8–9 mm, abaxial lips 3-lobed; seeds black, ovoid or rounded.
C. proliferus
1. Twigs 5–10-angled, green, erect or ascending; leaflet blades 2–7(–9) mm; inflorescences erect, 1(–3)-flowered; calyces campanulate, 5–7 mm, lips barely lobed; seeds olivaceous to dark brown, reniform.
→ 2
2. Twigs 8–10-angled; calyces appressed-pubescent; legumes inflated, densely white-hairy.
C. striatus
2. Twigs 5-angled; calyces glabrous, puberulent, or villous; legumes laterally compressed, glabrous or margins villous.
→ 3
3. Calyces glabrous or puberulent; corollas usually yellow, rarely white (then unmarked), wings sometimes reddish; legumes narrowly oblong, 3.1–4(–5.5) cm.
C. scoparius
3. Calyces villous; corollas white, banner with medial dark line; legumes linear- oblong, 2.5–3 cm.
C. multiflorus
Source FNA vol. 11. Authors: Gordon C. Tucker, Debra K. Trock, Jenna M. Annis.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae
Subordinate taxa
C. multiflorus, C. proliferus, C. scoparius, C. striatus
Synonyms Chamaecytisus
Name authority Desfontaines: Fl. Atlant. 2: 139. (1798) — name conserved
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