Bellardia |
Bellardia viscosa |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bellardia, glandweed, lineseed, parentucellia |
sticky parentucellia, yellow glandweed, yellow glandweed or parentucellia or bartsia, yellow parentucellia |
|||||||||
Habit | Herbs, annual [perennial]; hemiparasitic. | |||||||||
Stems | erect, not fleshy, retrorsely short-strigose or glandular-hairy. |
simple or with few ascending branches, (8–)12–50(–100) cm, densely glandular-hairy. |
||||||||
Leaves | cauline, opposite, sometimes some subopposite or alternate; petiole absent; blade not fleshy, not leathery, margins coarsely crenate-dentate. |
6–30 pairs, ascending or divaricate, glandular-hairy; blade oblong-lanceolate, (10–)20–46 x 3–18 mm, margins green, apex acute. |
||||||||
Inflorescences | terminal, spikelike racemes; bracts present. |
|||||||||
Pedicels | present; bracteoles absent. |
1 mm, glandular-hairy. |
||||||||
Flowers | sepals 4, calyx radially or bilaterally symmetric, not flattened laterally, tubular or campanulate, not accrescent in fruit, lobes triangular or lanceolate; petals 5, corolla white with purple galea, yellow, or red-purple, strongly bilabiate, tubular-funnelform, abaxial lobes 3, adaxial 2, adaxial lip galeate; stamens 4, didynamous, filaments glabrous, anther mucros equal or absent; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma clavate, capitate, or +/- 2-lobed. |
calyx campanulate, 10–16 mm, tube 8–10 mm, glandular-hairy, lobes +/- equal, narrowly lanceolate, 4–10 x 1.5–2 mm, herbaceous, margins entire, apex acute, glandular-hairy; corolla yellow, 20–25 mm, glandular-hairy externally, throat with 2 inflated lines between lateral and central lobes, abaxial lobes spreading, adaxial projecting; stamens included, pollen sacs yellow, 1–2 mm, glabrous proximally, villous distally around pore, dehiscing longitudinally in distal 3/4–4/5; style 10–20 mm, short-strigose; stigma capitate. |
||||||||
Capsules | dehiscence loculicidal. |
6–10 x 2–4 mm, long-strigose. |
||||||||
Seeds | 150–450, white, reddish brown with age, ellipsoid or ellipsoid-oblong, wings absent. |
0.2–0.3 mm, smooth. |
||||||||
Spikelike | racemes 3–30 cm; flowers 4–35 pairs, interrupted proximally, dense distally, glandular-hairy; peduncle absent; bracts foliaceous, 15–25 x 3–6 mm, margins crenate-dentate. |
|||||||||
x | = 12. |
|||||||||
2n | = 48. |
|||||||||
Bellardia |
Bellardia viscosa |
|||||||||
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | |||||||||
Habitat | Wetland prairies, fields, pastures, beach foreshores, roadsides. | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, Asia, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands, s Australia] |
AR; AZ; CA; LA; MS; OK; OR; TX; WA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America, e Asia, n Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), s Australia]
|
||||||||
Discussion | Species 48 (3 in the flora). Bellardia trixago has been included in a monospecific section of Bartsia in the broad sense (U. Molau 1990). Morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate a close relationship among Bellardia, Parentucellia, and New World species of Bartsia (A. D. Wolfe et al. 2005; J. R. Bennett and S. Mathews 2006; S. Uribe-Convers and D. C. Tank, http://2010.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=detail&aid=685; A. Scheunert et al. 2012). Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that South American Bartsia are nested within a highly supported clade including Bellardia and Parentucellia (Scheunert et al.). An expanded Bellardia includes P. latifolia (Linnaeus) Caruel, P. viscosa (Linnaeus) Caruel, and the South American species of Bartsia. After this treatment had been completed, the author became aware of the alternative view presented by Uribe-Convers and Tank (2016), where all of the South American Bartsia taxa are transferred to the new genus Neobartsia Uribe-Convers & Tank, Parentucellia is recognized, and Bellardia includes only B. trixago and B. viscosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 490. | FNA vol. 17, p. 491. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Bartsia section bellardia, Parentucellia | Bartsia viscosa, Parentucellia viscosa | ||||||||
Name authority | Allioni: Fl. Pedem. 1: 61. (1785) | (Linnaeus) Fischer & C. A. Meyer: Index Seminum (St. Petersburg) 2: 4. (1836) | ||||||||
Web links |
|