Aureolaria |
Aureolaria flava |
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false foxglove, yellow false foxglove |
smooth false foxglove, smooth yellow false foxglove |
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Habit | Herbs, annual or perennial; hemiparasitic, caudex knotted. | Perennials. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, not fleshy, glabrous, sparsely to densely puberulent, densely villous, or glandular-pubescent. |
branched, 4–22 dm, glabrous, glaucescent. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline, opposite; petiole present; blade leathery, not fleshy, margins entire, pinnatifid, or 2-pinnatifid. |
petiole 7–25 mm; blade lanceolate, 60–160 x 12–60 mm, margins pinnatifid or basal leaves 2-pinnatifid, rarely entire, surfaces glabrous. |
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Bracts | leaflike, 10–48 x 2–5 mm, margins entire or pinnatifid. |
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Inflorescences | terminal, loose racemes; bracts present. |
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Pedicels | present; bracteoles absent. |
7–12 mm, glabrous. |
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Flowers | sepals 5, calyx radially symmetric, campanulate or turbinate, lobes linear to deltate, sometimes lanceolate; petals 5, corolla yellow, bilabiate, campanulate, abaxial lobes 3, adaxial 2; stamens 4, didynamous, filaments glabrous or ciliate, anthers villous; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma truncate. |
calyx glabrous, tube campanulate, 4–8 mm, lobes linear to narrowly deltate, 4–7 x 1–2 mm, margins entire; corolla tube 25–38 mm, glabrous, lobes 5–9 x 6–15 mm; filaments 12–26 mm, glabrous; style 27–31 mm. |
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Capsules | dehiscence loculicidal. |
ovoid to pyriform, 11–13 x 9–11 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | 300–500, brown to blackish, ovoid to deltoid, wings present (absent in A. pedicularia). |
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x | = 14. |
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2n | = 24. |
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Aureolaria |
Aureolaria flava |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Oak or oak-pine woods, roadsides. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
e North America; n Mexico; c North America |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; ON
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Discussion | Species 8 (7 in the flora). Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports a close relationship of Aureolaria with Agalinis, Esterhazya J. C. Mikan, and Seymeria (J. R. Bennett and S. Mathews 2006). Further evidence for these relationships is similarities in floral morphology among these genera. Aureolaria greggii (S. Watson) Pennell occurs broadly throughout northern Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Despite the nuanced variation within this broadly distributed species recognized at both the varietal and subspecific ranks by F. W. Pennell (1935), R. P. Wunderlin (1998) recognized a broad Aureolaria flava with no varietal designations; that concept is followed here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 555. | FNA vol. 17, p. 558. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Gerardia flava, A. calycosa, A. flava var. macrantha, A. flava var. reticulata, G. calycosa, G. flava var. macrantha, G. flava var. reticulata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Rafinesque: New Fl. 2: 58. (1837) | (Linnaeus) Farwell: Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 188. (1919) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |