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moneywort

alyce clover

Habit Herbs, annual or perennial, unarmed. Herbs annual.
Stems

erect to prostrate or sprawling, usually uncinulate-pubescent.

erect or ascending, usually much branched, sometimes woody at base, 20–100 cm, puberulent or pubescent, glabrescent.

Leaves

alternate, usually unifoliolate, rarely odd-pinnate;

stipules present, persistent, striate, narrowly ovate, acuminate;

petiolate, petiole channeled, minutely winged;

leaflet(s) usually 1, rarely 3, stipels 2, minute, blade margins entire, surfaces usually pubescent, at least abaxial.

unifoliolate;

stipules 5–20 mm;

petiole 2–8 mm;

leaflet blades: proximals usually orbiculate, elliptic, or oblong, distals often lanceolate, 1–10 × 0.6–3 cm, base subcordate, apex acute to emarginate and mucronulate, abaxial surface finely puberulent, with some hairs on veins.

Inflorescences

6–30+-flowered, usually leaf-opposed or terminal, sometimes axillary, usually racemes, sometimes panicles;

bracts present often conspicuous, striate, secondary bracts present;

bracteoles absent.

6–20-flowered, terminal or leaf-opposed, usually racemes, sometimes panicles, usually 5–15 cm.

Pedicels

1–2 mm.

Flowers

papilionaceous;

calyx campanulate, sepals connate only near base, lobes 5, striate, subequal, adaxial 2 often connate nearly to apex;

corolla red to reddish blue, reddish violet, orange, orange-buff, pink, pinkish lavender, or white;

stamens 10, diadelphous;

anthers basifixed;

ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, style incurved at apex, glabrous, stigma terminal, slightly capitate.

calyx 5–6 mm, tube 1.5–2 mm, lobes valvate at base, narrowly triangular, 3–4 mm, acuminate;

corolla orange-buff to reddish violet or pink, 5–6 mm.

Infructescences

lax, internodes longer than 1/2 loment length.

Fruits

loments, sessile, distal segment often abortive and stipelike, turgid or laterally compressed, straight or constricted, ovoid or oblong to linear, indehiscent, reticulate, sometimes also rugose, glabrescent or uncinate-puberulent;

segments 2–8.

Seeds

2–8, oblong or 4-sided; scarcely rim-arillate.

brown, oblong, 2 × 1 mm.

Loments

subterete, oblong or linear, 10–25 × 2 mm, much longer than calyx, margins straight, not constricted between segments, uncinulate-puberulent;

segments (2–)4–6(–8), broadly oblong or quadrate, 2.5–4 mm, lateral surfaces coarsely reticulate, obscurely sculpted, ridged between segments, puberulent;

septa without internal cross partitions, except sometimes present at distal joints.

x

= (7), 8, [11].

2n

= 16.

Alysicarpus

Alysicarpus ovalifolius

Phenology Flowering Sep–Nov.
Habitat Open pinelands and margins, roadsides, urban waste areas, lawns.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; TX; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Australia]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 30 (3 in the flora).

Alysicarpus glumaceus (Vahl) de Candolle was collected in 1958 as a waif on chrome ore piles in Maryland by C. F. Reed (41715, MO).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Alysicarpus ovalifolius is planted for forage and has become naturalized.

Alysicarpus ovalifolius has been regarded as distinct, dubious, or conspecific with A. vaginalis. B. Verdcourt (1971, 2000) accepted A. ovalifolius with some doubts. D. Isely (1998) treated A. ovalifolius as conspecific with A. vaginalis but recorded that most material from the United States trends towards the A. ovalifolius type. Y. Endo and H. Ohashi (1990) treated them as separate species based on distinctions in the loments; both are recognized in India (D. S. Pokle 2000, 2017). F. Adema (2003) noted a continuous variation from septate loments to non-septate ones among Malesian material of the A. vaginalis-ovalifolius complex and merged the two as A. vaginalis. A. Gholami et al. (2017) and K. Ohashi et al. (2018) suggested that A. ovalifolius is distinct from A. vaginalis based on results of the molecular phylogenetic analyses. Possible hybrids between A. ovalifolius and A. vaginalis were suggested by Verdcourt (1971, 2000).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Loments constricted between segments, enclosed in calyx, lateral surfaces reticulate and cross-rugose, distinctly sculpted; calyx lobes imbricate at base.
A. rugosus
1. Loments straight, not constricted between segments, distinctly exserted from calyx, lateral surfaces reticulate, obscurely sculpted; calyx lobes valvate at base.
→ 2
2. Loments ridged, without internal cross partition between segments, sometimes with partitions distally; inflorescences laxly flowered; infructescences lax, internodes longer than 1/2 loment length; plants annual; stems much branched, erect or ascending.
A. ovalifolius
2. Loments furrowed, with internal cross partition between segments; inflorescences densely flowered; infructescences much crowded, internodes much shorter than loments; plants perennial; stems diffuse, ascending or sprawling.
A. vaginalis
Source FNA vol. 11. Author: Hiroyoshi Ohashi. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Alysicarpus
Sibling taxa
A. rugosus, A. vaginalis
Subordinate taxa
A. ovalifolius, A. rugosus, A. vaginalis
Synonyms Hedysarum ovalifolium
Name authority Necker ex Desvaux: J. Bot. Agric. 1: 120, plate 4, fig. 8. (1813) — name conserved (Schumacher) J. Léonard: Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 24: 88. (1954)
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