Burke: Viola nephrophylla vs. Viola canadensis

	Viola nephrophylla	Viola canadensis
	LeConte violet, northern bog violet	Canadian violet, rugose violet
Habit	Glabrous, acaulescent perennial with shallow, fleshy, spreading rhizomes.	Glabrous to puberulent perennial from short, thick rhizomes, with slender stolons, 1-4 dm. tall.
Leaves	Leaf blades deeply ovate-cordate to cordate-triangular, up to 7 cm. in width, with rounded teeth; petioles 5-25 cm. long; stipules linear-lanceolate, entire.	Leaf blades large, cordate and pointed, the petioles up to 3 dm. long; stipules lanceolate, entire, 1-2 cm. long.
Flowers	Flowers solitary, 10-20 mm. long, on peduncles usually exceeding the leaves; spur short, saccate; petals 5, bluish-violet, the lower 3 whitish at the base, prominently bearded, the upper pair sometimes not bearded; style glabrous.	Flowers from the upper portion of the stem, the peduncles shorter than the leaves, the spur short; sepals lanceolate, hairy; petals 1.5 cm. long, white with a yellow base, the 3 lower ones with purple penciling, all purplish tinged on the back; style head sparsely bearded.
Fruits	Capsule, 3-valved.	Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, the seeds brownish.

	Viola nephrophylla	Viola canadensis
Flowering time	May-July	May-July
Habitat	Moist places, especially in meadows and along streams.	Forest openings, riparian zones, and thickets from low to middle elevations.
Distribution	Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, further east across North America to the Atlantic Coast. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Origin	Native	Native
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. canadensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana	V. adunca, V. arvensis, V. flettii, V. glabella, V. howellii, V. lanceolata, V. langsdorffii, V. macloskeyi, V. nephrophylla, V. nuttallii, V. odorata, V. orbiculata, V. palustris, V. pluviae, V. purpurea, V. renifolia, V. riviniana, V. selkirkii, V. sempervirens, V. sheltonii, V. sororia, V. tricolor, V. trinervata, V. ×wittrockiana
Subordinate taxa		V. canadensis var. rugulosa
Web links	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Viola nephrophylla

Viola canadensis

LeConte violet, northern bog violet

Canadian violet, rugose violet

Habit

Glabrous, acaulescent perennial with shallow, fleshy, spreading rhizomes.

Glabrous to puberulent perennial from short, thick rhizomes, with slender stolons, 1-4 dm. tall.

Leaves

Leaf blades deeply ovate-cordate to cordate-triangular, up to 7 cm. in width, with rounded teeth;

petioles 5-25 cm. long;

stipules linear-lanceolate, entire.

Leaf blades large, cordate and pointed, the petioles up to 3 dm. long;

stipules lanceolate, entire, 1-2 cm. long.

Flowers

Flowers solitary, 10-20 mm. long, on peduncles usually exceeding the leaves;

spur short, saccate;

petals 5, bluish-violet, the lower 3 whitish at the base, prominently bearded, the upper pair sometimes not bearded;

style glabrous.

Flowers from the upper portion of the stem, the peduncles shorter than the leaves, the spur short;

sepals lanceolate, hairy;

petals 1.5 cm. long, white with a yellow base, the 3 lower ones with purple penciling, all purplish tinged on the back;

style head sparsely bearded.

Fruits

Capsule, 3-valved.

Fruit a 3-valved capsule, ovary superior, placentation parietal, the seeds brownish.

Viola nephrophylla

Viola canadensis

Flowering time

May-July

Habitat

Moist places, especially in meadows and along streams.

Forest openings, riparian zones, and thickets from low to middle elevations.

Distribution

Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, further east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

Origin

Native

Conservation status

Not of concern

Sibling taxa