Burke: Panicum dichotomiflorum vs. Panicum miliaceum

	Panicum dichotomiflorum	Panicum miliaceum
	fall panicum	millet
Habit	Annual, branching from the base, the culms somewhat decumbent, up to 1 m. tall.	Annual, the culms up to 1 m. tall, covered with hairs 2-5 mm. long from little blisters.
Leaves	Sheaths open, usually glabrous; articulation below the glumes; ligules 2-3 mm. long; blades 5-12 mm. broad, usually glabrous.	Sheaths open; articulation below the glumes; ligules composed of straight hairs about 2 mm. long; blades 7-15 mm. broad.
Flowers	Inflorescence an open panicle 1.5-3 dm. long, the branches ascending; spikelets 2-flowered, about 2.5 mm. long; first glume oval, less than 1 mm. long; second glume acute, faintly 9-nerved; lower lemma sterile, with a translucent palea 1-1.5 mm. long; hardened, fertile upper lemma and palea enclosed by the second glume and sterile lemma	Inflorescence a somewhat congested panicle 10-30 cm. long, the branches erect, scabrous; spikelets 2-flowered, about 4.5 mm. long; glumes strongly nerved, glabrous, acuminate, the first 2-3 mm. long, 7-nerved, the second 11-nerved, equal to the sterile first lemma, which is 9- to 11-nerved; palea of sterile flower membranous, bi-lobed, 1.5 mm. long; hardened, fertile upper lemma and palea enclosed by the second glume and sterile lemma.

	Panicum dichotomiflorum	Panicum miliaceum
Flowering time	May-September	July-September
Habitat	Disturbed, often wet sites including stream banks and roadsides.	Abandoned fields, roadsides, waste ground.
Distribution	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlanitc Coast. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Origin	Introduced from eastern and central Washington	Introduced from Asia
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	P. capillare, P. miliaceum	P. capillare, P. dichotomiflorum
Subordinate taxa	P. dichotomiflorum ssp. dichotomiflorum	P. miliaceum ssp. miliaceum, P. miliaceum ssp. ruderale
Web links	Local floras: BC, OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Panicum miliaceum

fall panicum

millet

Habit

Annual, branching from the base, the culms somewhat decumbent, up to 1 m. tall.

Annual, the culms up to 1 m. tall, covered with hairs 2-5 mm. long from little blisters.

Leaves

Sheaths open, usually glabrous; articulation below the glumes;

ligules 2-3 mm. long;

blades 5-12 mm. broad, usually glabrous.

Sheaths open; articulation below the glumes;

ligules composed of straight hairs about 2 mm. long;

blades 7-15 mm. broad.

Flowers

Inflorescence an open panicle 1.5-3 dm. long, the branches ascending;

spikelets 2-flowered, about 2.5 mm. long; first glume oval, less than 1 mm. long; second glume acute, faintly 9-nerved; lower lemma sterile, with a translucent palea 1-1.5 mm. long; hardened, fertile upper lemma and palea enclosed by the second glume and sterile lemma

Inflorescence a somewhat congested panicle 10-30 cm. long, the branches erect, scabrous;

spikelets 2-flowered, about 4.5 mm. long;

glumes strongly nerved, glabrous, acuminate, the first 2-3 mm. long, 7-nerved, the second 11-nerved, equal to the sterile first lemma, which is 9- to 11-nerved;

palea of sterile flower membranous, bi-lobed, 1.5 mm. long; hardened, fertile upper lemma and palea enclosed by the second glume and sterile lemma.