Burke: Barbarea vulgaris vs. Barbarea verna

	Barbarea vulgaris	Barbarea verna
	yellow rocket, bitter wintercress	Belle Isle cress, landcress, early yellow rocket, scurvygrass, early wintercress
Habit	Mostly glabrous biennial from a taproot and simple crown, the stems stiff, erect, angled, single but freely-branched, 2-6 dm. tall.
Leaves	Basal leaves long-petiolate, up to 12 cm. long, the blade usually lyrate-pinnatifid to pinnate, the lateral lobes 1-3(-5) on each side, entire to round-toothed, the terminal lobe ovate, entire or irregularly toothed, the petiole often with long, marginal hairs; cauline leaves alternate, glabrous, lobed, becoming simple and sagittate.
Flowers	Inflorescence of compound or single and terminal racemes, with reduced racemes in the lower leaf axils; pedicles slender, 2-3 mm. long; sepals 4, pale yellowish-green, 2 mm. long; petals 4, yellow, spatulate-oblanceolate, 6-8 mm. long; stamens 6; style distinctly beak-like, 2-3 mm. long; stigma slightly lobed.
Fruits	Siliques 1-3 cm. long and 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, slightly compressed, 4-angled, strongly 1-nerved full length, erect or strongly ascending, nearly straight.

	Barbarea vulgaris	Barbarea verna
Flowering time	April-July	April-July
Habitat	Garden escape, found chiefly in wet places.	Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed sites.
Distribution	Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Idaho and Colorado; also in central and eastern U.S. [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Origin	Introduced from Eurasia	Introduced from Eurasia
Conservation status	Not of concern	Not of concern
Sibling taxa	B. orthoceras, B. verna	B. orthoceras, B. vulgaris
Web links	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Barbarea verna

yellow rocket, bitter wintercress

Belle Isle cress, landcress, early yellow rocket, scurvygrass, early wintercress

Habit

Mostly glabrous biennial from a taproot and simple crown, the stems stiff, erect, angled, single but freely-branched, 2-6 dm. tall.

Leaves

Basal leaves long-petiolate, up to 12 cm. long, the blade usually lyrate-pinnatifid to pinnate, the lateral lobes 1-3(-5) on each side, entire to round-toothed, the terminal lobe ovate, entire or irregularly toothed, the petiole often with long, marginal hairs;

cauline leaves alternate, glabrous, lobed, becoming simple and sagittate.

Flowers

Inflorescence of compound or single and terminal racemes, with reduced racemes in the lower leaf axils; pedicles slender, 2-3 mm. long;

sepals 4, pale yellowish-green, 2 mm. long;

petals 4, yellow, spatulate-oblanceolate, 6-8 mm. long;

stamens 6;

style distinctly beak-like, 2-3 mm. long;

stigma slightly lobed.

Fruits

Siliques 1-3 cm. long and 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, slightly compressed, 4-angled, strongly 1-nerved full length, erect or strongly ascending, nearly straight.