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seashore bluegrass

Howell's bluegrass

Habit Plants perennial, dioecious, (7)15–60 cm tall; loosely cespitose, rhizomatous, and stoloniferous, rhizomes and stolons to 400 cm long. Plants annual, rarely perennial, (10)25– 80(120) cm tall; densely cespitose.
Basal branching

mainly intravaginal; some extravaginal.

intravaginal.

Leaves

sheaths closed about 50% of their length, bases of basal sheaths glabrous;

collars smooth, glabrous;

ligules 1–5 mm;

blades moderately to densely scabrous or minutely hairy on and between veins, blades of tillers to 30 cm;

cauline blades involute; somewhat arcuate, 2–4 mm wide; uppermost blades 1–10 cm.

sheaths closed 50% or more of their length;

ligules 1.5–5(10)mm, blades of tillers flat, 1–7(10) mm wide, finely scabrous;

cauline blades 2–10 cm.

Inflorescences

erect; ovoid to lanceolate, contracted, often interrupted, 3–15 cm;

spikelets 15–80;

branches 1-2; erect, 1–6 cm; stiff, with 3–17 spikelets.

erect, eventually open, 10–25(30)cm; the branches eventually spreading or reflexed.

Spikelets

9–17 mm; to 3 times as long as wide;

florets 3–6(10).

(2)4– 6 mm;

florets 2–5;

rachilla internodes about 1 mm; smooth, softly puberulent or occasionally glabrous.

Glumes

broadly lanceolate, subequal to adjacent florets;

keels sparsely scabrous near tips;

lower glumes 3-veined;

upper glumes usually more than 7 mm, 3–5-veined.

slightly unequal;

keels and sometimes lateral veins scabrous;

lower glumes 1–3-veined.

Calluses

usually with a line of crisp to sinuous hairs around the base of the lemma, sometimes glabrous or with diffuse; short; cobwebby hairs.

with sparse cobwebby hairs on at least some florets.

Lemmas

lanceolate; (6)7.5–11 mm, 5–7(11)-veined, distinctly keeled;

keels and marginal veins, sometimes also intermediate veins; short-villous to softly puberulent; area between veins smooth to scabrous, glabrous or softly puberulent;

tips acute.

lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 2.5– 3.5 mm, distinctly keeled, evenly crisply puberulent near the base, finely scabrous distally;

margins narrowly hyaline;

tips narrowly acute, rarely purple.

Anthers

vestigial and 0.1–0.2 mm, or (2)3–4(5)mm.

0.2–1 mm.

Culm(s)

stout, 1.5–2 mm thick;

nodes terete, 0(1) exserted.

nodes terete.

2n

=28.

Poa macrantha

Poa howellii

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Coastal sand dunes. 0–100m. Est. CA, WA; north to AK. Native.

Open, often moist woods and bottomlands, often with moss or boulders. 0–1100m. Casc, ECas, Sisk, WV. CA, WA; north to British Columbia. Native.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 460
Rob Soreng, Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 457
Rob Soreng, Barbara Wilson, Richard Brainerd, Nick Otting
Sibling taxa
P. alpina, P. annua, P. bolanderi, P. bulbosa, P. chambersii, P. compressa, P. confinis, P. cusickii, P. fendleriana, P. glauca, P. howellii, P. iconia, P. infirma, P. laxiflora, P. leibergii, P. leptocoma, P. lettermanii, P. mansfieldii, P. marcida, P. nemoralis, P. nervosa, P. palustris, P. piperi, P. pratensis, P. pringlei, P. reflexa, P. rhizomata, P. secunda, P. stenantha, P. suksdorfii, P. trivialis, P. unilateralis, P. wallowensis, P. wheeleri
P. alpina, P. annua, P. bolanderi, P. bulbosa, P. chambersii, P. compressa, P. confinis, P. cusickii, P. fendleriana, P. glauca, P. iconia, P. infirma, P. laxiflora, P. leibergii, P. leptocoma, P. lettermanii, P. macrantha, P. mansfieldii, P. marcida, P. nemoralis, P. nervosa, P. palustris, P. piperi, P. pratensis, P. pringlei, P. reflexa, P. rhizomata, P. secunda, P. stenantha, P. suksdorfii, P. trivialis, P. unilateralis, P. wallowensis, P. wheeleri
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