Centaurea melitensis |
Centaurea solstitialis |
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Maltese starthistle, tocalote |
St. Barnaby's thistle, yellow starthistle |
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Habit | Plants annual, 1–10 dm. | Plants annual or biennial, 1–10 dm. |
Stems | branched above, sparsely tomentose; gland-dotted. |
1–many, branched from bases, tomentose. |
Leaves | villous, thinly to densely tomentose; gland-dotted; basal and lower cauline blades oblong to oblanceolate, 2–15 cm; margins dentate, pinnately lobed or entire, petiolate to tapering at base; upper cauline blades linear to oblong, 1–5 cm, bases decurrent; margins dentate to entire. |
tomentose and scabrous to bristly, bases decurrent; basal and lower cauline blades often absent at maturity, 5–15 cm, pinnately dissected or lobed; petioles winged; upper cauline blades oblong to linear, 1–10 cm; margins entire or slightly dentate, sessile. |
Inflorescences | 1–few in corymb-like arrays or heads solitary. |
cyme-like clusters or heads solitary. |
Involucres | ovoid, 8–15 mm. |
ovoid, 10–15 mm. |
Florets | yellow, sterile florets ? fertile florets, fertile florets 10–14 mm. |
yellow, sterile florets ? fertile florets, fertile florets 13–20 mm. |
Phyllaries | outer ovate, bases spiny-fringed; surfaces tomentose to glabrate; central spines slender, 5–10 mm, often purple; inner entire; acute or spine-tipped. |
outer ovate; bodies green, palmately spiny; central spines stout, 10–25 mm; straw-colored; inner with smaller hyaline appendages. |
Fruits | 2.5–3 mm, white or light brown, finely hairy, pappi of unequal, white bristles, 1.5–3 mm. |
dimorphic; outer 2–3 mm, dark brown, glabrous; pappi 0; inner light brown or mottled, pappi of white bristles, 2–4 mm. |
Heads | disciform. |
disciform, pedunculate. |
2n | =24. |
=16. |
Centaurea melitensis |
Centaurea solstitialis |
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Distribution | ||
Discussion | Disturbed areas, roadsides, open woods, fields, pastures. Flowering May–Jul. 0–700 m. CR, ECas, Est, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; scattered in North America; Africa, Asia, Europe. Exotic. |
Disturbed areas, roadsides, woods, fields, pastures, streambanks. Flowering Jul–Oct. 0–2000 m. BR, BW, Col, CR, Est, Lava, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; throughout North America; Europe. Exotic. Centaurea solstitialis is an aggressive weed of pastures and rangeland in western North America, often forming dense stands. This species is cumulatively toxic to horses, potentially causing a disorder known as “chewing disease.” See also C. × gerstlaueri. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 214 Bridget Chipman |
Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 215 Bridget Chipman |
Sibling taxa | ||
Web links |
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