Centaurea melitensis |
Centaurea nigra |
|
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Maltese starthistle, tocalote |
black knapweed, hardheads |
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Habit | Plants annual, 1–10 dm. | Plants perennial, 3–15 dm. |
Stems | branched above, sparsely tomentose; gland-dotted. |
openly branched above, villous to scabrous and loosely tomentose to glabrous. |
Leaves | villous, thinly to densely tomentose; gland-dotted; basal and lower cauline blades oblong to oblanceolate, 2–15 cm; margins dentate, pinnately lobed or entire, petiolate to tapering at base; upper cauline blades linear to oblong, 1–5 cm, bases decurrent; margins dentate to entire. |
villous; gland-dotted; basal and lower cauline blades oblanceolate to elliptic, 5–25 cm; > 1 cm wide; margins entire, shallowly dentate or pinnately lobed; petioles not winged; upper cauline blades linear to lanceolate, 3.5–8 cm, gradually smaller, bases not decurrent; margins entire or shallowly dentate, sessile. |
Inflorescences | 1–few in corymb-like arrays or heads solitary. |
few-headed corymb-like arrays. |
Involucres | ovoid, 8–15 mm. |
campanulate or hemispheric, 15–18 mm. |
Florets | yellow, sterile florets ? fertile florets, fertile florets 10–14 mm. |
all fertile, 15–18 mm, purple, rarely white. |
Phyllaries | outer ovate, bases spiny-fringed; surfaces tomentose to glabrate; central spines slender, 5–10 mm, often purple; inner entire; acute or spine-tipped. |
outer lanceolate to ovate, obscured by overlapping appendages; margins dissected into wiry comb-like lobes; appendages erect; ± triangular, dark brown to black; inner margins irregularly toothed or lobed; tips truncate. |
Fruits | 2.5–3 mm, white or light brown, finely hairy, pappi of unequal, white bristles, 1.5–3 mm. |
2.5–3 mm, tan, finely hairy, pappi of blackish, sometimes deciduous bristles, 0.5–1 mm. |
Heads | disciform. |
discoid; peduncles leafy-bracted. |
2n | =24. |
=22, 44. |
Centaurea melitensis |
Centaurea nigra |
|
Distribution | ||
Discussion | Disturbed areas, roadsides, open woods, fields, pastures. Flowering May–Jul. 0–700 m. CR, ECas, Est, Sisk, WV. CA, ID, NV, WA; scattered in North America; Africa, Asia, Europe. Exotic. |
Disturbed areas, roadsides, fields. Flowering May–Sep. 0–500 m. Casc, CR, ECas, WV. CA, ID, WA; north to British Columbia, northeast to MT, northeastern North America; Europe. Exotic. |
Source | Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 214 Bridget Chipman |
Flora of Oregon, volume 2, page 215 Bridget Chipman |
Sibling taxa | ||
Web links |
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