Zizania palustris |
Zizania texana |
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interior wildrice, northern wild rice, wild rice |
Texas wildrice |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants perennial; stoloniferous. | ||||
Culms | to 3 m, erect, usually at least partly immersed. |
1-2(5) m, decumbent, geniculate, floating or the distal portions emergent. |
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Sheaths | glabrous or with scattered hairs; ligules 3-16 mm, upper ligules truncate, lanceolate or triangular, erose; blades 20-60 cm long, 3-21(40+) mm wide, glabrous, margins glabrate or scabrous. |
glabrous; ligules 4-12 mm, upper ligules caudate or acuminate; blades to 1 m long and 13(25) mm wide, glabrous. |
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Panicles | 24-60 cm long, 1-20(40) cm wide; branches unisexual. |
16-31 cm long, 1-10 cm wide; branches unisexual. |
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Caryopses | 6-30 mm long, 0.6-2 mm wide. |
4.3-7.6 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide. |
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Staminate | branches ascending or divergent; pedicel apices 0.2-0.4 mm wide.; staminate spikelets 6-17 mm, lanceolate, acuminate or awned, awns to 2 mm. |
branches ascending or somewhat divergent; pedicel apices about 3 mm wide.; staminate spikelets 6.5-11 mm, ovate or oblong, acute to acuminate. |
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Pistillate | branches mostly appressed or ascending, a few sometimes divergent; pedicel apices 0.7-1.2 mm wide.; pistillate spikelets 8-33 mm long, 1-2.6 mm wide, lanceolate or oblong, coriaceous or indurate, lustrous, glabrous or with lines of short hairs, apices usually hirsute and abruptly narrowed, awned, awns to 10 cm; lemmas and paleas remaining clasped at maturity; aborted pistillate spikelets 0.6-2.6 mm wide. |
branches appressed or ascending; pedicel apices 0.5-0.9 mm wide.; pistillate spikelets 9-12.5 mm long, 1.2-1.8 mm wide, lanceolate, somewhat coriaceous, somewhat lustrous, with scattered short hairs, apices scabrous or hispidulous, awned, awns 9-35 mm; aborted pistillate spikelets 0.7-1.5 mm wide. |
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2n | = 30. |
= 30. |
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Zizania palustris |
Zizania texana |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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TX |
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Discussion | Zizania palustris grows mostly to the north of Z. aquatica, but the two species overlap in the Great Lakes region, eastern Canada, and New England. It is cultivated as a crop in some provinces and states, with California being the largest producer. All records from the western part of the Flora region reflect deliberate plantings; none are known to have persisted. In cultivated strains, the pistillate spikelets remain on the plant at maturity. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Zizania texana grows only in the headwaters of the San Marcos River, in San Marcos, Texas (Terrell et al. 1978). It is officially listed as an endangered species in the United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 48. | FNA vol. 24, p. 50. | ||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Ehrhartoideae > tribe Oryzeae > Zizania | Poaceae > subfam. Ehrhartoideae > tribe Oryzeae > Zizania | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | L. | Hitchc. | ||||
Web links |
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