Zizania palustris |
Zizania palustris var. palustris |
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interior wildrice, northern wild rice, wild rice |
folle avoine, northern wild rice, rlz sauvage, wild rice, zizanie des marais |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants to 2 m. Blades 3-21 mm wide. | ||||
Culms | to 3 m, erect, usually at least partly immersed. |
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Sheaths | glabrous or with scattered hairs; ligules 3-16 mm, upper ligules truncate, lanceolate or triangular, erose; blades 20-60 cm long, 3-21(40+) mm wide, glabrous, margins glabrate or scabrous. |
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Panicles | 24-60 cm long, 1-20(40) cm wide; branches unisexual. |
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Caryopses | 6-30 mm long, 0.6-2 mm wide. |
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Staminate | branches ascending or divergent; pedicel apices 0.2-0.4 mm wide.; staminate spikelets 6-17 mm, lanceolate, acuminate or awned, awns to 2 mm. |
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Pistillate | branches mostly appressed or ascending, a few sometimes divergent; pedicel apices 0.7-1.2 mm wide.; pistillate spikelets 8-33 mm long, 1-2.6 mm wide, lanceolate or oblong, coriaceous or indurate, lustrous, glabrous or with lines of short hairs, apices usually hirsute and abruptly narrowed, awned, awns to 10 cm; lemmas and paleas remaining clasped at maturity; aborted pistillate spikelets 0.6-2.6 mm wide. |
part of inflorescences 1-8(15) cm wide; branches appressed or ascending, or with 1 to few branches somewhat divergent; lower pistillate branches with 2-8 spikelets. |
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2n | = 30. |
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Zizania palustris |
Zizania palustris var. palustris |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NY; OR; PA; RI; SD; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC |
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Discussion | Zizania palustris grows mostly to the north of Z. aquatica, but the two species overlap in the Great Lakes region, eastern Canada, and New England. It is cultivated as a crop in some provinces and states, with California being the largest producer. All records from the western part of the Flora region reflect deliberate plantings; none are known to have persisted. In cultivated strains, the pistillate spikelets remain on the plant at maturity. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Zizania palustris var. palustris grows in the shallow water of lakes and streams, often forming extensive stands in northern lakes. It has been introduced to British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Idaho, Arizona, and West Virginia for waterfowl food; some of the stands in the Canadian prairies may also have resulted from planting (Aiken et al. 1988). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 48. | FNA vol. 24, p. 50. | ||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Ehrhartoideae > tribe Oryzeae > Zizania | Poaceae > subfam. Ehrhartoideae > tribe Oryzeae > Zizania > Zizania palustris | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Z. aquatica var. angustifolia | |||||
Name authority | L. | unknown | ||||
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