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plains or Rocky Mountain zinnia, plains zinnia, Rocky Mountain zinnia, Rocky Mountains zinnia

elegant zinnia, garden zinnia

Habit Subshrubs, 8–22 cm (rounded or flat-topped). Annuals, to 100(–200) cm.
Stems

greenish, much branched, strigillose.

greenish, becoming yellowish to purplish, unbranched or sparingly branched distal to bases, hirsute to strigose or scabrous.

Leaf

blades 1- or 3-nerved (some larger leaves), linear, 10–30 × 2–3 mm, strigose to scabrous.

blades 3–5-nerved, ovate to oblong, mostly 60–100 × 20–60 mm, scabrellous to glabrate.

Peduncles

to 11 mm.

to 85 mm.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate to cylindric, 5–8 × 5–8 mm.

± hemispheric or broader, 10–15 × 5–25 mm.

Ray florets

3–6;

corollas bright yellow, laminae ovate to orbiculate, mostly 10–18 mm.

8–21 (more in “double” cultivars);

corollas usually red (white, yellow, or purple in cultivars), laminae spatulate to obovate, 10–35 mm.

Disc florets

18–24;

corollas red or green, to 10 mm, lobes 1 mm.

100–150+;

corollas yellow, 7–9 mm, lobes 1–2.5 mm.

Phyllaries

oblong, often becoming scarious, glabrous or appressed-hairy distally, apices obtuse, erose-ciliate (red-tipped).

obovate, becoming scarious, glabrous or sparsely hairy, apices rounded, erose or fimbriate.

Cypselae

4–5 mm, 3-angled (ray) or angular or compressed (disc), ribbed, scabrellous;

pappi 0 or of (1–)2(–4) unequal awns.

6–10 mm, 3-angled (ray) or ± compressed (disc), not or faintly ribbed, ciliolate;

pappi 0.

Paleae

yellowish (often red-tipped), apices obtuse, erose.

red to purple, apices rounded to acute, fimbriate.

2n

= 42.

= 24.

Zinnia grandiflora

Zinnia violacea

Phenology Flowering spring–fall. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Dry, often slopes, mesas, shortgrass prairies, calcareous soils Disturbed sites
Elevation 600–2200 m (2000–7200 ft) 0–500? m (0–1600? ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CO; KS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, Zacatecas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; FL; GA; KY; LA; NC; OH; PA; SC; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Cuba); South America (Bolivia) [Introduced in North America; also introduced in Asia]
Discussion

Zinnia violacea is perhaps adventive in Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Bolivia, China, and Malesia. The most widely cultivated Zinnia, it is reported to have escaped from cultivation and apparently naturalized in ten eastern and southern states but is nowhere common in the flora area. It is not as weedy as Z. peruviana, possibly because it lacks awns and thus is not as easily dispersed by animals.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 73. FNA vol. 21, p. 73.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Zinnia Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ecliptinae > Zinnia
Sibling taxa
Z. acerosa, Z. anomala, Z. peruviana, Z. violacea
Z. acerosa, Z. anomala, Z. grandiflora, Z. peruviana
Synonyms Z. elegans
Name authority Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 348. (1840) Cavanilles: Icon. 1: 57, plate 81. (1791)
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