The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

grass-leaf death-camas, meadow death-camas

green death camas

Habit Plants 2–7 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–30 × 8–20 mm. Plants 3.5–8.5 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, narrowly ovoid, 3–5 × 1–1.5 cm.
Leaves

proximal blades 12–50 cm × 2–10 mm.

proximal blades 25–45 cm × 3–20 mm.

Inflorescences

racemose or paniculate with 1 or 2 basal branches, 10–50-flowered, terminal raceme pyramidal in anthesis, 2–20 × 2–5 cm, branches (if any) 1/10–1/3 length of entire inflorescence, diverging from main axis at 10°–60° when in fruit.

racemose to paniculate, 15–30-flowered, with 1–4 branches.

Flowers

perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 5–10 mm diam.;

tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 2–5 × 1–3 mm, outer often clawed, apex usually acute;

gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident to obscure, irregular;

filaments straight, usually equaling tepals, occasionally longer, thickened proximally;

pedicel usually ascending in fruit, occasionally perpendicular to stem, 3–25 mm, bracts usually green, sometimes white, 5–25 mm.

nodding;

perianth perigynous, campanulate, 4–8 mm diam.;

tepals greenish, sometimes tinged with purple, ovate, 4–6 × 1.5–3 mm, somewhat narrowed at base, apex narrowly obtuse;

gland 1, obcordate, thick;

pedicel recurved at anthesis, 1.5–2 cm, bracts often tinged with purple or pink, ovate, 5–20 mm.

Capsules

8–20 × 4–7 mm.

narrowly conic, 10–20 mm.

2n

= 22.

= 32.

Zigadenus venenosus

Zigadenus virescens

Phenology Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Montane coniferous forests
Elevation 1000–3200 m (3300–10500 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
w North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AZ; CO; NM; s Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Zigadenus venenosus is a smaller, more slender plant than either Z. paniculatus or Z. fontanus. It can be distinguished from Z. micranthus by its ascending pedicels. It has a much broader distribution than either Z. micranthus or Z. fontanus, and does not occur on serpentine substrates.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Outer tepals usually clawed ca. 5 mm; inflorescences mostly racemose, occasionally paniculate with 1 basal branch.
var. venenosus
1. Outer tepals not clawed, or clawed less than 5 mm; inflorescences mostly paniculate with 1–2 basal branches, occasionally racemose.
var. gramineus
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 84. FNA vol. 26, p. 87.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Zigadenus Liliaceae > Zigadenus
Sibling taxa
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. fremontii, Z. glaberrimus, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. vaginatus, Z. virescens
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. fremontii, Z. glaberrimus, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. vaginatus, Z. venenosus
Subordinate taxa
Z. venenosus var. gramineus, Z. venenosus var. venenosus
Synonyms Toxicoscordion venenosum Helonias virescens, Anticlea mexicana, Anticlea virescens, Z. mexicanus, Z. porrifolius, Z. virescens var. porrifolius
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 279. (1879) (Kunth) J. F. Macbride: Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 4. (1918)
Web links