Zigadenus venenosus |
Zigadenus vaginatus |
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grass-leaf death-camas, meadow death-camas |
sheath death camas |
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Habit | Plants 2–7 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–30 × 8–20 mm. | Plants 4–6 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, narrowly ovoid, 3–6 × 1.5–3 cm. | ||||
Stems | with persistent leaf bases proximally. |
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Leaves | proximal blades 12–50 cm × 2–10 mm. |
proximal blades 25–40 cm × 5–12 mm. |
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Inflorescences | racemose or paniculate with 1 or 2 basal branches, 10–50-flowered, terminal raceme pyramidal in anthesis, 2–20 × 2–5 cm, branches (if any) 1/10–1/3 length of entire inflorescence, diverging from main axis at 10°–60° when in fruit. |
paniculate, 15–30-flowered, with 1–4 branches, 1.5–3 dm × 3–6 cm, proximal branches 7–8 cm. |
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Flowers | perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 5–10 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 2–5 × 1–3 mm, outer often clawed, apex usually acute; gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident to obscure, irregular; filaments straight, usually equaling tepals, occasionally longer, thickened proximally; pedicel usually ascending in fruit, occasionally perpendicular to stem, 3–25 mm, bracts usually green, sometimes white, 5–25 mm. |
perianth perigynous, rotate to rotate-campanulate, 10–15 mm diam.; tepals white, ovate, 3–6 × 3–4 mm, somewhat narrowed at base, apex broadly rounded; gland 1, obcordate, thick; pedicel ascending at anthesis, 1–1.5 cm, bracts often streaked with purple, ovate, 3–6 mm. |
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Capsules | 8–20 × 4–7 mm. |
narrowly conic, 7–8 mm. |
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2n | = 22. |
= 32. |
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Zigadenus venenosus |
Zigadenus vaginatus |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug. | |||||
Habitat | Wet sandstone ledges of canyons, “hanging garden” community | |||||
Elevation | 1100–1900 m (3600–6200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
w North America
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CO; UT
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Zigadenus venenosus is a smaller, more slender plant than either Z. paniculatus or Z. fontanus. It can be distinguished from Z. micranthus by its ascending pedicels. It has a much broader distribution than either Z. micranthus or Z. fontanus, and does not occur on serpentine substrates. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 84. | FNA vol. 26, p. 87. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Toxicoscordion venenosum | Anticlea vaginata | ||||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 279. (1879) | (Rydberg) J. F. Macbride: Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 4. (1918) | ||||
Web links |