Zigadenus venenosus |
Zigadenus micranthus |
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grass-leaf death-camas, meadow death-camas |
small-flower death camas |
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Habit | Plants 2–7 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–30 × 8–20 mm. | Plants 1–7 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–35 × 8–30 mm. | ||||
Leaves | proximal blades 12–50 cm × 2–10 mm. |
proximal blades 12–45 cm × 2–10 mm. |
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Inflorescences | racemose or paniculate with 1 or 2 basal branches, 10–50-flowered, terminal raceme pyramidal in anthesis, 2–20 × 2–5 cm, branches (if any) 1/10–1/3 length of entire inflorescence, diverging from main axis at 10°–60° when in fruit. |
usually paniculate with 1–5 branches, occasionally racemose, 10–60-flowered, narrow, terminal raceme often pyramidal in early anthesis, 3–40 × 3–7 cm, proximal branches 2–13 cm, 1/10–1/2 length of entire inflorescence, diverging from main axis at 60°–90° when in fruit. |
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Flowers | perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 5–10 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 2–5 × 1–3 mm, outer often clawed, apex usually acute; gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident to obscure, irregular; filaments straight, usually equaling tepals, occasionally longer, thickened proximally; pedicel usually ascending in fruit, occasionally perpendicular to stem, 3–25 mm, bracts usually green, sometimes white, 5–25 mm. |
perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 5–12 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 3–8 × 1–4 mm, outer sometimes with basal claw to 5 mm, usually with acute apex; gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, dentate; filaments straight, ± equaling tepals or rarely longer, thickened proximally; pedicel usually perpendicular to stem in flower and in fruit, 12–40 mm, bracts white and membranous to green and foliaceous, narrowly lanceolate, 5–40 mm. |
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Capsules | 8–20 × 4–7 mm. |
6–18 × 2–7 mm. |
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2n | = 22. |
= 22. |
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Zigadenus venenosus |
Zigadenus micranthus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Serpentine hillsides | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
w North America
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Zigadenus venenosus is a smaller, more slender plant than either Z. paniculatus or Z. fontanus. It can be distinguished from Z. micranthus by its ascending pedicels. It has a much broader distribution than either Z. micranthus or Z. fontanus, and does not occur on serpentine substrates. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 84. | FNA vol. 26. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Toxicoscordion venenosum | Toxicoscordion micranthum, Z. venenosus var. micranthus | ||||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 279. (1879) | Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 483. (1903) | ||||
Web links |