Zigadenus venenosus |
Zigadenus glaberrimus |
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grass-leaf death-camas, meadow death-camas |
sandbog death camas |
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Habit | Plants 2–7 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–30 × 8–20 mm. | Plants 6–12 dm, from thick, twisted rhizomes. | ||||
Leaves | proximal blades 12–50 cm × 2–10 mm. |
blade sometimes becoming reddish brown with age, 19–42 cm × 5–20 mm, glaucous abaxially. |
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Inflorescences | racemose or paniculate with 1 or 2 basal branches, 10–50-flowered, terminal raceme pyramidal in anthesis, 2–20 × 2–5 cm, branches (if any) 1/10–1/3 length of entire inflorescence, diverging from main axis at 10°–60° when in fruit. |
loosely paniculate, 30–75-flowered, with 2–6 ascending branches, pyramidal, 10–60 × 5–12 cm. |
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Flowers | perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 5–10 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 2–5 × 1–3 mm, outer often clawed, apex usually acute; gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident to obscure, irregular; filaments straight, usually equaling tepals, occasionally longer, thickened proximally; pedicel usually ascending in fruit, occasionally perpendicular to stem, 3–25 mm, bracts usually green, sometimes white, 5–25 mm. |
perianth hypogynous, 20–30 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, white to cream colored, ovate to lanceolate, 9–15 × 3–5 mm, somewhat contracted at base; glands 2, elliptic, margins thickened; pedicel bracts ovate, 5–15 mm. |
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Capsules | 8–20 × 4–7 mm. |
conic, 10–15 mm. |
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2n | = 22. |
= 52. |
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Zigadenus venenosus |
Zigadenus glaberrimus |
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Phenology | Flowering mid Jul–Sep. | |||||
Habitat | Pine bogs, savannas, sandy pinelands | |||||
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
w North America
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AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC; VA
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Zigadenus venenosus is a smaller, more slender plant than either Z. paniculatus or Z. fontanus. It can be distinguished from Z. micranthus by its ascending pedicels. It has a much broader distribution than either Z. micranthus or Z. fontanus, and does not occur on serpentine substrates. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 84. | FNA vol. 26, p. 83. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Toxicoscordion venenosum | |||||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 279. (1879) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 214, plate 22. (1803) | ||||
Web links |