Zigadenus venenosus |
Zigadenus fontanus |
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grass-leaf death-camas, meadow death-camas |
small-flower death camas |
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Habit | Plants 2–7 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–30 × 8–20 mm. | Plants 3–9 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 12–40 × 12–40 mm. | ||||
Leaves | proximal blades 12–50 cm × 2–10 mm. |
proximal blades 18–80 cm × 3–20 mm. |
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Inflorescences | racemose or paniculate with 1 or 2 basal branches, 10–50-flowered, terminal raceme pyramidal in anthesis, 2–20 × 2–5 cm, branches (if any) 1/10–1/3 length of entire inflorescence, diverging from main axis at 10°–60° when in fruit. |
usually paniculate, 10–100-flowered, with 1–15 branches, narrow, appearing pyramidal in early anthesis, terminal raceme 5–60 × 3–7 cm, proximal branches 1/3–1/2 length of entire inflorescence, extending upwards from main axis of inflorescence at 10°–60° angle. |
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Flowers | perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 5–10 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 2–5 × 1–3 mm, outer often clawed, apex usually acute; gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident to obscure, irregular; filaments straight, usually equaling tepals, occasionally longer, thickened proximally; pedicel usually ascending in fruit, occasionally perpendicular to stem, 3–25 mm, bracts usually green, sometimes white, 5–25 mm. |
perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 5–15 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 4–12 × 1–4 mm, outer usually lacking claw; gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, serrate to dentate; filaments straight, shorter than tepals, thickened proximally; pedicel horizontally spreading, usually perpendicular to stem in fruit, 15–45 mm, bracts green, 5–35 mm. |
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Capsules | 8–20 × 4–7 mm. |
narrowly conic, 9–22 × 3–6 mm. |
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2n | = 22. |
= 22. |
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Zigadenus venenosus |
Zigadenus fontanus |
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Phenology | Flowering late Mar–Aug. | |||||
Habitat | Serpentine marshes | |||||
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
w North America
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CA
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Zigadenus venenosus is a smaller, more slender plant than either Z. paniculatus or Z. fontanus. It can be distinguished from Z. micranthus by its ascending pedicels. It has a much broader distribution than either Z. micranthus or Z. fontanus, and does not occur on serpentine substrates. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 84. | FNA vol. 26. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Toxicoscordion venenosum | Z. micranthus var. fontanus | ||||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 279. (1879) | Eastwood: Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 41. (1937) | ||||
Web links |