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sheath death camas

Fremont's death camas

Habit Plants 4–6 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, narrowly ovoid, 3–6 × 1.5–3 cm. Plants 1–8 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–40 × 5–40 mm.
Stems

with persistent leaf bases proximally.

Leaves

proximal blades 25–40 cm × 5–12 mm.

proximal blades 5–50 cm × 2–30 mm.

Inflorescences

paniculate, 15–30-flowered, with 1–4 branches, 1.5–3 dm × 3–6 cm, proximal branches 7–8 cm.

racemose or paniculate, 2–80-flowered, broad, proximal branches 1/3–1/2 as long as entire inflorescence, spreading at 60°–90° angle.

Flowers

perianth perigynous, rotate to rotate-campanulate, 10–15 mm diam.;

tepals white, ovate, 3–6 × 3–4 mm, somewhat narrowed at base, apex broadly rounded;

gland 1, obcordate, thick;

pedicel ascending at anthesis, 1–1.5 cm, bracts often streaked with purple, ovate, 3–6 mm.

perianth hypogynous, rotate, 15–25 mm diam.;

tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 5–15 × 2–6 mm, outer very short clawed, inner distinctly clawed 2 mm;

gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, dentate;

filaments straight, shorter than tepals, thickened proximally;

pedicel ascending in flower to perpendicular to stem in fruit, 10–50 mm, bracts green, somewhat falcate, 5–50 mm.

Capsules

narrowly conic, 7–8 mm.

8–30 × 4–11 mm.

2n

= 32.

= 22.

Zigadenus vaginatus

Zigadenus fremontii

Phenology Flowering Aug. Flowering Feb–Jun.
Habitat Wet sandstone ledges of canyons, “hanging garden” community Coastal and inland, central valley grassland chaparral, mixed evergreen forests
Elevation 1100–1900 m (3600–6200 ft) 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 87. FNA vol. 26, p. 85.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Zigadenus Liliaceae > Zigadenus
Sibling taxa
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. fremontii, Z. glaberrimus, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. venenosus, Z. virescens
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. glaberrimus, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. vaginatus, Z. venenosus, Z. virescens
Synonyms Anticlea vaginata Anticlea fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii var. minor, Z. fremontii var. inezianus, Z. fremontii var. salsus
Name authority (Rydberg) J. F. Macbride: Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 4. (1918) (Torrey) Torrey ex S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 343. (1871)
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