Zigadenus nuttallii |
Zigadenus densus |
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Nuttall's death camas |
black snakeroot, crow poison, Osceola's plume, pine-barren death camas |
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Habit | Plants 3–7.5 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 15–40 × 9–35 mm. | Plants 4–20 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 0.5–2 × 1–2 cm. |
Leaves | proximal blades 15–45 cm × 3–15 mm. |
proximal blades 10–50 cm × 2–12 mm. |
Inflorescences | usually paniculate, 20–60-flowered, with 1–8 branches, narrow, terminal raceme pyramidal in early anthesis, 3–30 × 3–7 cm, proximal branches 1/10–1/2 length of entire inflorescence, ascending at 10°–60° angle. |
racemose or paniculate, 40–100-flowered, cylindrical, 4–15 × 2.5–5 cm. |
Flowers | perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 10–15 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, ovate, 3–8 × 1–4 mm, outer unclawed or rarely clawed to 5 mm, apex usually obtuse; gland 1, obovate, distal margins obscure, thin; filaments straight, usually equaling tepals, occasionally longer, thickened proximally; pedicel usually ascending in fruit, occasionally perpendicular to stem, 10–35 mm, bracts green, somewhat falcate, 3–20 mm. |
perianth hypogynous, 5–10 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored to greenish, ovate to elliptic, 3–5 mm, narrowed but not sharply contracted basally; gland 1, obscure; pedicel 1–2 cm, bracts often tinged with red, lanceolate, 2–12 mm. |
Capsules | 8–16 × 3–8 mm. |
narrowly conic, 10–20 mm. |
2n | = 32. |
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Zigadenus nuttallii |
Zigadenus densus |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun. | Flowering mid Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Tallgrass prairie, calcareous glades, rocky hillsides | Pine bogs, flatlands |
Elevation | 500–1200 m (1600–3900 ft) | 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft) |
Distribution |
AR; KS; MO; OK; TX
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AL; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MS; NC; NJ; NY; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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Discussion | As treated here, Zigadenus densus includes Z. leimanthoides (W. W. McDearman 1984). These two entities are distinct in some parts of the range, but intergrade in size, inflorescence morphology, and flowering time in the Gulf coast region. The size of the plant (determined by age and environment) seems to affect inflorecence morphology, smaller plants bearing simple racemes and larger plants developing compound ones. Plants in more mountainous habitats develop paniculate inflorescences. Recognition of the two taxa at the varietal level may eventually be desirable. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 86. | FNA vol. 26, p. 83. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | Liliaceae > Zigadenus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Amianthium nuttallii, Toxicoscordion nuttallii, Toxicoscordion texense, Z. texensis | Melanthium densum, Amianthium angustifolium, Amianthium texanum, Helonias angustifolia, Oceanoros leimanthoides, Tracyanthus angustifolius, Tracyanthus angustifolius var. texanus, Tracyanthus texanus, Z. angustifolius, Z. leimanthoides |
Name authority | (A. Gray) S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 343. (1871) | (Desrousseaux) Fernald: Rhodora 42: 254. (1940) |
Web links |