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Fremont's death camas

foothill death camas, sand-corn

Habit Plants 1–8 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–40 × 5–40 mm. Plants 2–7 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 18–40 × 12–35 mm.
Leaves

proximal blades 5–50 cm × 2–30 mm.

proximal blades 15–35 cm × 3–15 mm.

Inflorescences

racemose or paniculate, 2–80-flowered, broad, proximal branches 1/3–1/2 as long as entire inflorescence, spreading at 60°–90° angle.

paniculate, 10–80-flowered, narrow, terminal raceme pyramidal in anthesis, 2–30 × 2–4 cm, proximal branches usually less than 6 cm, 1/10–1/2 length of entire inflorescence, diverging from main axis at 10°–60° when in fruit.

Flowers

perianth hypogynous, rotate, 15–25 mm diam.;

tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 5–15 × 2–6 mm, outer very short clawed, inner distinctly clawed 2 mm;

gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, dentate;

filaments straight, shorter than tepals, thickened proximally;

pedicel ascending in flower to perpendicular to stem in fruit, 10–50 mm, bracts green, somewhat falcate, 5–50 mm.

perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 5–10 mm diam.;

tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, ovate, 2–5 × 1–4 mm, outer usually not clawed, apex usually acute;

gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident to obscure, irregular;

filaments straight, usually equaling tepals, occasionally longer, thickened proximally;

pedicel ascending to perpendicular to stem in fruit, 3–25 mm, bracts green, lanceolate, 5–15 mm.

Capsules

8–30 × 4–11 mm.

5–20 × 3–8 mm.

2n

= 22.

= 22.

Zigadenus fremontii

Zigadenus paniculatus

Phenology Flowering Feb–Jun. Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Coastal and inland, central valley grassland chaparral, mixed evergreen forests Sagebrush desert, dry open inland grasslands
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) 1300–2600 m (4300–8500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 85. FNA vol. 26, p. 85.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Zigadenus Liliaceae > Zigadenus
Sibling taxa
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. glaberrimus, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. vaginatus, Z. venenosus, Z. virescens
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. fremontii, Z. glaberrimus, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. vaginatus, Z. venenosus, Z. virescens
Synonyms Anticlea fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii var. minor, Z. fremontii var. inezianus, Z. fremontii var. salsus Helonias paniculata, Toxicoscordion paniculatum
Name authority (Torrey) Torrey ex S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 343. (1871) (Nuttall) S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 343. (1871)
Web links