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Fremont's death camas

small-flower death camas

Habit Plants 1–8 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–40 × 5–40 mm. Plants 1–7 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–35 × 8–30 mm.
Leaves

proximal blades 5–50 cm × 2–30 mm.

proximal blades 12–45 cm × 2–10 mm.

Inflorescences

racemose or paniculate, 2–80-flowered, broad, proximal branches 1/3–1/2 as long as entire inflorescence, spreading at 60°–90° angle.

usually paniculate with 1–5 branches, occasionally racemose, 10–60-flowered, narrow, terminal raceme often pyramidal in early anthesis, 3–40 × 3–7 cm, proximal branches 2–13 cm, 1/10–1/2 length of entire inflorescence, diverging from main axis at 60°–90° when in fruit.

Flowers

perianth hypogynous, rotate, 15–25 mm diam.;

tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 5–15 × 2–6 mm, outer very short clawed, inner distinctly clawed 2 mm;

gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, dentate;

filaments straight, shorter than tepals, thickened proximally;

pedicel ascending in flower to perpendicular to stem in fruit, 10–50 mm, bracts green, somewhat falcate, 5–50 mm.

perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 5–12 mm diam.;

tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 3–8 × 1–4 mm, outer sometimes with basal claw to 5 mm, usually with acute apex;

gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, dentate;

filaments straight, ± equaling tepals or rarely longer, thickened proximally;

pedicel usually perpendicular to stem in flower and in fruit, 12–40 mm, bracts white and membranous to green and foliaceous, narrowly lanceolate, 5–40 mm.

Capsules

8–30 × 4–11 mm.

6–18 × 2–7 mm.

2n

= 22.

= 22.

Zigadenus fremontii

Zigadenus micranthus

Phenology Flowering Feb–Jun. Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Coastal and inland, central valley grassland chaparral, mixed evergreen forests Serpentine hillsides
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 85. FNA vol. 26.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Zigadenus Liliaceae > Zigadenus
Sibling taxa
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. glaberrimus, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. vaginatus, Z. venenosus, Z. virescens
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. fremontii, Z. glaberrimus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. vaginatus, Z. venenosus, Z. virescens
Synonyms Anticlea fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii var. minor, Z. fremontii var. inezianus, Z. fremontii var. salsus Toxicoscordion micranthum, Z. venenosus var. micranthus
Name authority (Torrey) Torrey ex S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 343. (1871) Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 483. (1903)
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