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Fremont's death camas

sandbog death camas

Habit Plants 1–8 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–40 × 5–40 mm. Plants 6–12 dm, from thick, twisted rhizomes.
Leaves

proximal blades 5–50 cm × 2–30 mm.

blade sometimes becoming reddish brown with age, 19–42 cm × 5–20 mm, glaucous abaxially.

Inflorescences

racemose or paniculate, 2–80-flowered, broad, proximal branches 1/3–1/2 as long as entire inflorescence, spreading at 60°–90° angle.

loosely paniculate, 30–75-flowered, with 2–6 ascending branches, pyramidal, 10–60 × 5–12 cm.

Flowers

perianth hypogynous, rotate, 15–25 mm diam.;

tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 5–15 × 2–6 mm, outer very short clawed, inner distinctly clawed 2 mm;

gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, dentate;

filaments straight, shorter than tepals, thickened proximally;

pedicel ascending in flower to perpendicular to stem in fruit, 10–50 mm, bracts green, somewhat falcate, 5–50 mm.

perianth hypogynous, 20–30 mm diam.;

tepals persistent in fruit, white to cream colored, ovate to lanceolate, 9–15 × 3–5 mm, somewhat contracted at base;

glands 2, elliptic, margins thickened;

pedicel bracts ovate, 5–15 mm.

Capsules

8–30 × 4–11 mm.

conic, 10–15 mm.

2n

= 22.

= 52.

Zigadenus fremontii

Zigadenus glaberrimus

Phenology Flowering Feb–Jun. Flowering mid Jul–Sep.
Habitat Coastal and inland, central valley grassland chaparral, mixed evergreen forests Pine bogs, savannas, sandy pinelands
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 85. FNA vol. 26, p. 83.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Zigadenus Liliaceae > Zigadenus
Sibling taxa
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. glaberrimus, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. vaginatus, Z. venenosus, Z. virescens
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. fremontii, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. vaginatus, Z. venenosus, Z. virescens
Synonyms Anticlea fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii var. minor, Z. fremontii var. inezianus, Z. fremontii var. salsus
Name authority (Torrey) Torrey ex S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 343. (1871) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 214, plate 22. (1803)
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