Zigadenus fremontii |
Zigadenus elegans |
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Fremont's death camas |
mountain death camas, zigadène élégant |
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Habit | Plants 1–8 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–40 × 5–40 mm. | Plants 2–8 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, narrowly ovoid, 1.5–3 × 1–2 cm. |
Stems | without persistent leaf bases. |
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Leaves | proximal blades 5–50 cm × 2–30 mm. |
proximal blades 10–30 cm × 3–15 mm. |
Inflorescences | racemose or paniculate, 2–80-flowered, broad, proximal branches 1/3–1/2 as long as entire inflorescence, spreading at 60°–90° angle. |
loosely racemose to paniculate, 10–50-flowered, with 1–4 branches, 0.9–2.5 dm × 3–6 cm. |
Flowers | perianth hypogynous, rotate, 15–25 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 5–15 × 2–6 mm, outer very short clawed, inner distinctly clawed 2 mm; gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, dentate; filaments straight, shorter than tepals, thickened proximally; pedicel ascending in flower to perpendicular to stem in fruit, 10–50 mm, bracts green, somewhat falcate, 5–50 mm. |
perianth perigynous, rotate to rotate-campanulate, 15–20 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored to greenish, ovate, 7–12 × 4–5 mm, somewhat narrowed at base; gland 1, obcordate; pedicel erect at anthesis, 1–2.3 cm, bracts often tinged with purple or pink, ovate, 5–20 mm. |
Capsules | 8–30 × 4–11 mm. |
narrowly conic, 10–20 mm. |
2n | = 22. |
= 32. |
Zigadenus fremontii |
Zigadenus elegans |
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Phenology | Flowering Feb–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Coastal and inland, central valley grassland chaparral, mixed evergreen forests | Moist grasslands, river and lake shores, bogs in coniferous forests |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 0–3600 m (0–11800 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
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AK; AZ; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
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Discussion | Zigadenus elegans has been treated previously as comprising two varieties, or two subspecies (W. B. Zomlefer 1997b). The western var. or subsp. elegans tends to be a smaller plant with a raceme or a 1–2-branched panicle and glabrous, sometimes glaucous leaves and stems; while the eastern var. or subsp. glaucus tends to be a larger plant with a paniculate inflorescence and glaucous leaves and stems. Because there is considerable evidence of intergradation between the two entities toward the middle of the range, including overlapping flowering times, they have not been formally distinguished here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 85. | FNA vol. 26. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | Liliaceae > Zigadenus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Anticlea fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii var. minor, Z. fremontii var. inezianus, Z. fremontii var. salsus | Anticlea alpina, Anticlea chlorantha, Anticlea coloradensis, Anticlea elegans, Anticlea glauca, Anticlea gracilenta, Anticlea longa, Anticlea mohinorensis, Melanthium glaucum, Z. alpinus, Z. chloranthus, Z. coloradensis, Z. dilatatus, Z. elegans subsp. glaucus, Z. elegans var. glaucus, Z. glaucus, Z. gracilentus, Z. longus, Z. mohinorensis, Z. washakie |
Name authority | (Torrey) Torrey ex S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 343. (1871) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 241. (1814) |
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