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mountain death camas, zigadène élégant

giant death camas

Habit Plants 2–8 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, narrowly ovoid, 1.5–3 × 1–2 cm. Plants 3–10 dm, from bulbs; bulbs often clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 20–60 × 18–50 mm.
Stems

without persistent leaf bases.

Leaves

proximal blades 10–30 cm × 3–15 mm.

proximal blades 18–60 cm × 3–25 mm.

Inflorescences

loosely racemose to paniculate, 10–50-flowered, with 1–4 branches, 0.9–2.5 dm × 3–6 cm.

paniculate, 10–80-flowered, with 2–10 branches, 3–40 × 2–8 cm.

Flowers

perianth perigynous, rotate to rotate-campanulate, 15–20 mm diam.;

tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored to greenish, ovate, 7–12 × 4–5 mm, somewhat narrowed at base;

gland 1, obcordate;

pedicel erect at anthesis, 1–2.3 cm, bracts often tinged with purple or pink, ovate, 5–20 mm.

perianth hypogynous, 12–20 mm diam.;

tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, elliptic to ovate, 5–10 × 2–4 mm, outer not clawed, often persistently reflexed below mature capsule;

gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, dentate;

filaments straight, shorter than tepals, thickened proximally;

pedicel ascending in flower, perpendicular to stem in fruit, 10–35 mm, bracts green and foliaceous to white and membranous, 3–25 mm.

Capsules

narrowly conic, 10–20 mm.

9–20 × 4–9 mm.

2n

= 32.

= 22.

Zigadenus elegans

Zigadenus exaltatus

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Moist grasslands, river and lake shores, bogs in coniferous forests Sierra Nevada foothill woodlands, yellow pine forests
Elevation 0–3600 m (0–11800 ft) 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA
Discussion

Zigadenus elegans has been treated previously as comprising two varieties, or two subspecies (W. B. Zomlefer 1997b). The western var. or subsp. elegans tends to be a smaller plant with a raceme or a 1–2-branched panicle and glabrous, sometimes glaucous leaves and stems; while the eastern var. or subsp. glaucus tends to be a larger plant with a paniculate inflorescence and glaucous leaves and stems. Because there is considerable evidence of intergradation between the two entities toward the middle of the range, including overlapping flowering times, they have not been formally distinguished here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26. FNA vol. 26, p. 86.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Zigadenus Liliaceae > Zigadenus
Sibling taxa
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. exaltatus, Z. fontanus, Z. fremontii, Z. glaberrimus, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. vaginatus, Z. venenosus, Z. virescens
Z. brevibracteatus, Z. densus, Z. elegans, Z. fontanus, Z. fremontii, Z. glaberrimus, Z. micranthus, Z. mogollonensis, Z. nuttallii, Z. paniculatus, Z. vaginatus, Z. venenosus, Z. virescens
Synonyms Anticlea alpina, Anticlea chlorantha, Anticlea coloradensis, Anticlea elegans, Anticlea glauca, Anticlea gracilenta, Anticlea longa, Anticlea mohinorensis, Melanthium glaucum, Z. alpinus, Z. chloranthus, Z. coloradensis, Z. dilatatus, Z. elegans subsp. glaucus, Z. elegans var. glaucus, Z. glaucus, Z. gracilentus, Z. longus, Z. mohinorensis, Z. washakie Toxicoscordion exaltatum
Name authority Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 241. (1814) Eastwood: Bot. Gaz. 41: 283. (1906)
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