Zigadenus elegans |
Zigadenus exaltatus |
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mountain death camas, zigadène élégant |
giant death camas |
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Habit | Plants 2–8 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, narrowly ovoid, 1.5–3 × 1–2 cm. | Plants 3–10 dm, from bulbs; bulbs often clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 20–60 × 18–50 mm. |
Stems | without persistent leaf bases. |
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Leaves | proximal blades 10–30 cm × 3–15 mm. |
proximal blades 18–60 cm × 3–25 mm. |
Inflorescences | loosely racemose to paniculate, 10–50-flowered, with 1–4 branches, 0.9–2.5 dm × 3–6 cm. |
paniculate, 10–80-flowered, with 2–10 branches, 3–40 × 2–8 cm. |
Flowers | perianth perigynous, rotate to rotate-campanulate, 15–20 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored to greenish, ovate, 7–12 × 4–5 mm, somewhat narrowed at base; gland 1, obcordate; pedicel erect at anthesis, 1–2.3 cm, bracts often tinged with purple or pink, ovate, 5–20 mm. |
perianth hypogynous, 12–20 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, elliptic to ovate, 5–10 × 2–4 mm, outer not clawed, often persistently reflexed below mature capsule; gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, dentate; filaments straight, shorter than tepals, thickened proximally; pedicel ascending in flower, perpendicular to stem in fruit, 10–35 mm, bracts green and foliaceous to white and membranous, 3–25 mm. |
Capsules | narrowly conic, 10–20 mm. |
9–20 × 4–9 mm. |
2n | = 32. |
= 22. |
Zigadenus elegans |
Zigadenus exaltatus |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Moist grasslands, river and lake shores, bogs in coniferous forests | Sierra Nevada foothill woodlands, yellow pine forests |
Elevation | 0–3600 m (0–11800 ft) | 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; MD; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
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CA |
Discussion | Zigadenus elegans has been treated previously as comprising two varieties, or two subspecies (W. B. Zomlefer 1997b). The western var. or subsp. elegans tends to be a smaller plant with a raceme or a 1–2-branched panicle and glabrous, sometimes glaucous leaves and stems; while the eastern var. or subsp. glaucus tends to be a larger plant with a paniculate inflorescence and glaucous leaves and stems. Because there is considerable evidence of intergradation between the two entities toward the middle of the range, including overlapping flowering times, they have not been formally distinguished here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 26. | FNA vol. 26, p. 86. |
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | Liliaceae > Zigadenus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Anticlea alpina, Anticlea chlorantha, Anticlea coloradensis, Anticlea elegans, Anticlea glauca, Anticlea gracilenta, Anticlea longa, Anticlea mohinorensis, Melanthium glaucum, Z. alpinus, Z. chloranthus, Z. coloradensis, Z. dilatatus, Z. elegans subsp. glaucus, Z. elegans var. glaucus, Z. glaucus, Z. gracilentus, Z. longus, Z. mohinorensis, Z. washakie | Toxicoscordion exaltatum |
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 241. (1814) | Eastwood: Bot. Gaz. 41: 283. (1906) |
Web links |
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