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Eve's needle, Faxon yucca, Spanish bayonet, Spanish dagger

Harriman's yucca, Spanish bayonet

Habit Plants solitary, erect, arborescent, 2.5–6.9 m, including inflorescence. Plants cespitose, forming dense to open colonies, acaulescent or short-caulescent; rosettes usually small, asymmetrical or symmetrical.
Stems

1, simple or with 2–4 branches, to 5.1 m, average diam. 32 cm.

to 0.3 m. Leaf blade pale green, linear- or spatulate-lanceolate, concavo-convex, widest near middle, 30–50 × 1.8–4.3 cm, rigid, margins entire, filiferous, white or brown, apex pungent.

Leaf

blade erect, yellowish green, 43–115 × 3.1–8.4 cm, rigid, smooth, glabrous, margins conspicuous, curling, filiferous, brown.

Inflorescences

erect, paniculate, often with proximal branches arising beyond rosettes, broadly ovoid, 5.5–25.5 dm, glabrous;

peduncle 0.3–0.6 m. Flowers pendent, 4.4–12.4 cm;

perianth campanulate;

tepals connate basally into floral cup 1–32 mm, white to greenish white, ovate, 3.9–10.8 cm;

filaments averaging 2.2 cm from base of tepals, glabrous;

anthers 1–6 mm;

pistil 2.8–8 × 0.7 cm;

ovary ca. 4.5–5 times longer than wide;

style 4.5 mm;

stigmas distinct.

racemose, rarely paniculate proximally, arising within or just beyond rosettes, 3.5–7 dm;

branches, when present, few, short;

bracts erect, proximal to 20 cm, distal 5–8 cm;

peduncle scapelike, 0.1–0.2 m, less than 2.5 cm diam.

Flowers

pendent;

perianth broadly campanulate;

tepals distinct, yellow or greenish yellow, usually tinged purple, broadly lanceolate, 4–5(–5.3) × 1.6–3.4 cm;

filaments 1.6–2.8 cm;

pistil pale green, 2.7–3.8 × 0.4–0.8 cm;

style pale to bright green, 9–13 mm;

stigmas lobed.

Fruits

pendent, baccate, indehiscent, elongate, 3.6–13.6 × 1.8–3.6 cm, fleshy, succulent.

erect, capsular, dehiscent, cylindrical, usually deeply constricted toward center, 3–5(–5.5) × 2–3 cm, dehiscence septicidal.

Seeds

black, 7.7 mm diam., 2.9 mm thick, smooth.

dull black, thin, 5–8 × (3.5–)4–8 mm.

Yucca faxoniana

Yucca harrimaniae

Phenology Flowering late winter–spring. Flowering spring–early summer.
Habitat Rocky slopes, flat plains Desert slopes, foothills, and plateaus in limestone and volcanic outcrops
Elevation 800–2100 m (2600–6900 ft) 1000–2500 m (3300–8200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CO; NM; NV; UT
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trelease described the genus Samuela based on two species, Samuela faxoniana and S. carnerosana. K. H. Clary’s DNA study (1997) shows them to be closely related but genetically distinct.

Yucca faxoniana is often used for landscaping in arid and semiarid regions of Texas and New Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

S. D. McKelvey (1938–1947) included Yucca neomexicana in Y. harrimaniae, as did J. L. Reveal (1977c), who gave it varietal status. K. H. Clary’s (1997) DNA studies contributed to a consensus tree in which Y. harrimaniae and Y. neomexicana are discrete and widely separated. These taxa are allopatric, separated by the San Juan Mountains of Colorado, and this along with Clary’s evidence supports their recognition as separate species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 427. FNA vol. 26, p. 436.
Parent taxa Agavaceae > Yucca Agavaceae > Yucca
Sibling taxa
Y. aloifolia, Y. angustissima, Y. arkansana, Y. baccata, Y. baileyi, Y. brevifolia, Y. campestris, Y. constricta, Y. elata, Y. filamentosa, Y. flaccida, Y. glauca, Y. gloriosa, Y. harrimaniae, Y. intermedia, Y. madrensis, Y. necopina, Y. neomexicana, Y. pallida, Y. reverchonii, Y. rostrata, Y. rupicola, Y. schidigera, Y. tenuistyla, Y. thompsoniana, Y. treculeana, Y. utahensis
Y. aloifolia, Y. angustissima, Y. arkansana, Y. baccata, Y. baileyi, Y. brevifolia, Y. campestris, Y. constricta, Y. elata, Y. faxoniana, Y. filamentosa, Y. flaccida, Y. glauca, Y. gloriosa, Y. intermedia, Y. madrensis, Y. necopina, Y. neomexicana, Y. pallida, Y. reverchonii, Y. rostrata, Y. rupicola, Y. schidigera, Y. tenuistyla, Y. thompsoniana, Y. treculeana, Y. utahensis
Synonyms Samuela faxoniana, Y. australis, Y. macrocarpa Y. gilbertiana, Y. harrimaniae var. gilbertiana, Y. harrimaniae var. sterilis
Name authority Sargent: Man. Trees, 121. (1905) Trelease: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 13: 59, plates 28, 29, plate 83, fig. 10, plate 93, fig. 1. (1902)
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