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Eve's needle, Faxon yucca, Spanish bayonet, Spanish dagger

aloe yucca, dagger plant, Spanish bayonet

Habit Plants solitary, erect, arborescent, 2.5–6.9 m, including inflorescence. Plants forming colonies of rosettes, arborescent, to 7 m. Stems 1–3, erect or somewhat declining, simple or sparingly branched.
Stems

1, simple or with 2–4 branches, to 5.1 m, average diam. 32 cm.

Leaf

blade erect, yellowish green, 43–115 × 3.1–8.4 cm, rigid, smooth, glabrous, margins conspicuous, curling, filiferous, brown.

blade erect, dark green, flattened or slightly concave, thick, 12–40 × 2.5–6 cm, rigid, margins sharply denticulate or entire, rarely filiferous with straight fibers.

Inflorescences

erect, paniculate, often with proximal branches arising beyond rosettes, broadly ovoid, 5.5–25.5 dm, glabrous;

peduncle 0.3–0.6 m. Flowers pendent, 4.4–12.4 cm;

perianth campanulate;

tepals connate basally into floral cup 1–32 mm, white to greenish white, ovate, 3.9–10.8 cm;

filaments averaging 2.2 cm from base of tepals, glabrous;

anthers 1–6 mm;

pistil 2.8–8 × 0.7 cm;

ovary ca. 4.5–5 times longer than wide;

style 4.5 mm;

stigmas distinct.

pendent, paniculate, arising 1/4–1/2 within rosettes, somewhat conical, 4.5–6.1 dm, glabrous or slightly pubescent;

peduncle scapelike, to 3 dm.

Flowers

pendent, to 7 cm;

perianth globose;

tepals spreading, connate basally for less than 1 mm, creamy white tinged with green or purple near base, lanceolate, 3–4 × 1.2–2.2 cm;

filaments ca. 2 cm;

anthers 2–3 mm;

pistil light green, 3–4 × 0.8–1 cm;

ovary stipitate, 2–5 cm;

style 5 mm;

stigmas distinct.

Fruits

pendent, baccate, indehiscent, elongate, 3.6–13.6 × 1.8–3.6 cm, fleshy, succulent.

pendent, baccate, without core, indehiscent, 3.5–5 × 2–2.6 cm, with fleshy, succulent, purple pulp.

Seeds

black, 7.7 mm diam., 2.9 mm thick, smooth.

dull black, round-ovate, 5–7 mm diam., 2.5 mm thick.

Yucca faxoniana

Yucca aloifolia

Phenology Flowering late winter–spring. Flowering fall.
Habitat Rocky slopes, flat plains Sand dunes or shell mounds near coasts
Elevation 800–2100 m (2600–6900 ft) 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA; Mexico; Central America; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Trelease described the genus Samuela based on two species, Samuela faxoniana and S. carnerosana. K. H. Clary’s DNA study (1997) shows them to be closely related but genetically distinct.

Yucca faxoniana is often used for landscaping in arid and semiarid regions of Texas and New Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Yucca aloifolia has been widely cultivated, and horticultural forms (or varieties, depending upon the source) differ in the striping of yellow and white on the leaves. Results of DNA studies by K. H. Clary (1997) show a close relationship between this species and Y. gloriosa.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 427. FNA vol. 26, p. 429.
Parent taxa Agavaceae > Yucca Agavaceae > Yucca
Sibling taxa
Y. aloifolia, Y. angustissima, Y. arkansana, Y. baccata, Y. baileyi, Y. brevifolia, Y. campestris, Y. constricta, Y. elata, Y. filamentosa, Y. flaccida, Y. glauca, Y. gloriosa, Y. harrimaniae, Y. intermedia, Y. madrensis, Y. necopina, Y. neomexicana, Y. pallida, Y. reverchonii, Y. rostrata, Y. rupicola, Y. schidigera, Y. tenuistyla, Y. thompsoniana, Y. treculeana, Y. utahensis
Y. angustissima, Y. arkansana, Y. baccata, Y. baileyi, Y. brevifolia, Y. campestris, Y. constricta, Y. elata, Y. faxoniana, Y. filamentosa, Y. flaccida, Y. glauca, Y. gloriosa, Y. harrimaniae, Y. intermedia, Y. madrensis, Y. necopina, Y. neomexicana, Y. pallida, Y. reverchonii, Y. rostrata, Y. rupicola, Y. schidigera, Y. tenuistyla, Y. thompsoniana, Y. treculeana, Y. utahensis
Synonyms Samuela faxoniana, Y. australis, Y. macrocarpa Y. serrulata
Name authority Sargent: Man. Trees, 121. (1905) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 319. (1753)
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