Yucca faxoniana |
Yucca aloifolia |
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Eve's needle, Faxon yucca, Spanish bayonet, Spanish dagger |
aloe yucca, dagger plant, Spanish bayonet |
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Habit | Plants solitary, erect, arborescent, 2.5–6.9 m, including inflorescence. | Plants forming colonies of rosettes, arborescent, to 7 m. Stems 1–3, erect or somewhat declining, simple or sparingly branched. |
Stems | 1, simple or with 2–4 branches, to 5.1 m, average diam. 32 cm. |
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Leaf | blade erect, yellowish green, 43–115 × 3.1–8.4 cm, rigid, smooth, glabrous, margins conspicuous, curling, filiferous, brown. |
blade erect, dark green, flattened or slightly concave, thick, 12–40 × 2.5–6 cm, rigid, margins sharply denticulate or entire, rarely filiferous with straight fibers. |
Inflorescences | erect, paniculate, often with proximal branches arising beyond rosettes, broadly ovoid, 5.5–25.5 dm, glabrous; peduncle 0.3–0.6 m. Flowers pendent, 4.4–12.4 cm; perianth campanulate; tepals connate basally into floral cup 1–32 mm, white to greenish white, ovate, 3.9–10.8 cm; filaments averaging 2.2 cm from base of tepals, glabrous; anthers 1–6 mm; pistil 2.8–8 × 0.7 cm; ovary ca. 4.5–5 times longer than wide; style 4.5 mm; stigmas distinct. |
pendent, paniculate, arising 1/4–1/2 within rosettes, somewhat conical, 4.5–6.1 dm, glabrous or slightly pubescent; peduncle scapelike, to 3 dm. |
Flowers | pendent, to 7 cm; perianth globose; tepals spreading, connate basally for less than 1 mm, creamy white tinged with green or purple near base, lanceolate, 3–4 × 1.2–2.2 cm; filaments ca. 2 cm; anthers 2–3 mm; pistil light green, 3–4 × 0.8–1 cm; ovary stipitate, 2–5 cm; style 5 mm; stigmas distinct. |
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Fruits | pendent, baccate, indehiscent, elongate, 3.6–13.6 × 1.8–3.6 cm, fleshy, succulent. |
pendent, baccate, without core, indehiscent, 3.5–5 × 2–2.6 cm, with fleshy, succulent, purple pulp. |
Seeds | black, 7.7 mm diam., 2.9 mm thick, smooth. |
dull black, round-ovate, 5–7 mm diam., 2.5 mm thick. |
Yucca faxoniana |
Yucca aloifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering late winter–spring. | Flowering fall. |
Habitat | Rocky slopes, flat plains | Sand dunes or shell mounds near coasts |
Elevation | 800–2100 m (2600–6900 ft) | 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft) |
Distribution |
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA; Mexico; Central America; West Indies
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Discussion | Trelease described the genus Samuela based on two species, Samuela faxoniana and S. carnerosana. K. H. Clary’s DNA study (1997) shows them to be closely related but genetically distinct. Yucca faxoniana is often used for landscaping in arid and semiarid regions of Texas and New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Yucca aloifolia has been widely cultivated, and horticultural forms (or varieties, depending upon the source) differ in the striping of yellow and white on the leaves. Results of DNA studies by K. H. Clary (1997) show a close relationship between this species and Y. gloriosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 427. | FNA vol. 26, p. 429. |
Parent taxa | Agavaceae > Yucca | Agavaceae > Yucca |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Samuela faxoniana, Y. australis, Y. macrocarpa | Y. serrulata |
Name authority | Sargent: Man. Trees, 121. (1905) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 319. (1753) |
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