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palmella, soap-tree yucca, soap-weed yucca

plains yucca

Habit Plants solitary or forming small colonies of rosettes, caulescent or rarely acaulescent, distinctly arborescent, mostly few-branched, 1.2–4.5 m; rosettes usually large, symmetrical or asymmetrical. Plants forming small or large, open colonies, acaulescent or occasionally caulescent and arborescent, rhizomatous; rosettes usually small.
Stems

1–7 per colony, erect, thick, 1–1.5(–2.5) m. Leaf blade pale green, linear, widest near middle, 25–95 × 0.2–1.3 cm, flexible, margins entire, curled, filiferous, whitish, apex tapering to short spine.

0.6–1 m. Leaf blade linear, plano-convex or plano-keeled, widest near middle, 40–65 × 0.3–0.7(–1.5) cm, rigid, margins entire, filiferous, white, apex spinose, spine acicular, 7 mm.

Inflorescences

mostly paniculate, sometimes distally racemose, arising beyond rosettes, mostly narrowly ovoid to ovoid, 7–15 × 2.5–6.5 dm;

branches 0.7–3.5 dm;

bracts erect;

peduncle sometimes scapelike, 1–2 m, 2.5–5.5 cm diam.

paniculate, arising within or occasionally beyond rosettes, narrowly ellipsoid, 6–10 dm, distance from leaf tips to proximal inflorescence branches less than twice leaf length when fully expanded, glabrous;

branches to 13 cm;

bracts erect;

peduncle scapelike, 0.5–1 m, less than 2.5 cm diam.

Flowers

pendent;

perianth campanulate or globose;

tepals distinct, creamy white, often tinged green or pink, narrow to broadly elliptic or ovate, 3.2–5.7 × 1.3–3.2 cm;

filaments 1.5–2.5(–3.2) cm, pubescent;

anthers (2–)2.5–4.8 mm;

pistil 2–3.2 × 0.6–1 cm;

style white or pale green, 6–11 mm;

stigmas lobed.

pendent;

perianth globose;

tepals connate, dull green, sometimes tinged pink, 4.1–6.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm;

filaments shorter than pistil, flaccid;

anthers 3.2 mm;

pistil ovoid to obovoid, 2.5–3 × 0.5–0.9 cm;

style bright green;

stigmas lobed.

Fruits

erect, capsular, dehiscent, oblong-cylindric, symmetrical or rarely constricted, 4–8.2 × 2–4 cm, dehiscence septicidal.

erect, capsular, dehiscent, symmetrical or rarely constricted, 4.5–5.5(–6.3) × 3–5 cm, dehiscence septicidal.

Seeds

dull black, thin, 7–11(–14) mm diam.

glossy black, thin, 11–14 × 8–11 mm.

Yucca elata

Yucca campestris

Phenology Flowering spring.
Habitat Deep sands
Elevation 800–900 m (2600–3000 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
North America; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

J. L. Reveal (1977c) reduced S. D. McKelvey’s (1938–1947) Yucca utahensis and Y. verdiensis to varieties of Y. elata based primarily u!pon growth forms. J. M. Webber (1953) considered that these taxa are populations of hybrids between members of the Y. glauca alliance of the Great Plains and Y. elata of the American Southwest. Reveal believed that Webber did not provide adequate justification for his hybrid hypothesis. K. H. Clary (1997, pers. comm.) believes that Y. utahensis is genetically distinct from Y. elata and Y. verdiensis, based on DNA evidence and the morphological characters of style, stigma, fruit, and leaf. Her DNA evidence shows that Y. elata and Y. verdiensis are sister taxa, while Y. utahensis is not. Although there is a great range of variation within Y. elata as circumscribed here, the two varieties recognized are difficult to distinguish.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Yucca campestris is endemic to the plains region in the southern panhandle counties of western Texas. S. D. McKelvey (1938–1947) discussed its variation in relation to its distribution, and K. H. Clary’s (1997) DNA studies support its recognition as a distinct species. J. M. Webber (1953) considered Y. campestris to be a hybrid between Y. constricta and Y. elata, and reported a distribution from west Texas into southern New Mexico, and possibly into northwestern New Mexico. Additional study within these regions may help resolve the relationships and origin of this species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Capsules 5–8.2 cm; pistil 2.8–3.2 cm; leaf blade 30–95 cm.
var. elata
1. Capsules 4–4.5 cm; pistil 2–2.5 cm; leaf blade 25–45 cm.
var. verdiensis
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 432. FNA vol. 26, p. 438.
Parent taxa Agavaceae > Yucca Agavaceae > Yucca
Sibling taxa
Y. aloifolia, Y. angustissima, Y. arkansana, Y. baccata, Y. baileyi, Y. brevifolia, Y. campestris, Y. constricta, Y. faxoniana, Y. filamentosa, Y. flaccida, Y. glauca, Y. gloriosa, Y. harrimaniae, Y. intermedia, Y. madrensis, Y. necopina, Y. neomexicana, Y. pallida, Y. reverchonii, Y. rostrata, Y. rupicola, Y. schidigera, Y. tenuistyla, Y. thompsoniana, Y. treculeana, Y. utahensis
Y. aloifolia, Y. angustissima, Y. arkansana, Y. baccata, Y. baileyi, Y. brevifolia, Y. constricta, Y. elata, Y. faxoniana, Y. filamentosa, Y. flaccida, Y. glauca, Y. gloriosa, Y. harrimaniae, Y. intermedia, Y. madrensis, Y. necopina, Y. neomexicana, Y. pallida, Y. reverchonii, Y. rostrata, Y. rupicola, Y. schidigera, Y. tenuistyla, Y. thompsoniana, Y. treculeana, Y. utahensis
Subordinate taxa
Y. elata var. elata, Y. elata var. verdiensis
Name authority Engelmann: Bot. Gaz. 7: 17. (1882) McKelvey: Yuccas Southw. U.S. 2: 173, plates 62, 63. (1947)
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