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northern yellow-eyed-grass, xyris de montagne, xyris des montagnes

Harper's yelloweyed grass

Habit Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 5–30 cm. Herbs, perennial, cespitose, occasionally solitary, 2–10(–11) dm, base bulbous to nearly bulbous.
Stems

compact.

compact.

Leaves

in narrow fans, 4–15 cm;

sheaths reddish, soft, papillate;

blade deep green, narrowly linear, 0.8–2(–3) mm wide, smooth, margins smooth to papillate.

erect to ascending, 10–50 cm;

sheaths pinkish, rugulose, papillate, or scabrous to nearly smooth, soft;

blade dull green, linear, flattened, slightly to very twisted, 2.5–10 mm wide, smooth to papillate or scabrous, margins smooth to scabrous.

Inflorescences

scape sheaths exceeded by leaves;

scapes linear, wiry, terete, (0.25–)0.5–0.8(–1) mm wide, distally with 2–4 ribs, ribs papillate;

spikes broadly to narrowly ellipsoid or ovoid, 4–8 mm;

fertile bracts 3–4(–4.5) mm, margins erose or minutely fimbriolate, sometimes with narrow reddish border, apex very slightly to slightly keeled.

scape sheaths exceeded by leaves;

scapes linear, terete, to 2.5 mm wide, smooth to minutely scabrous, 2–4-ribbed distally, ribs papillate to minutely scabrous;

spikes prevalently ovoid-ellipsoid, (7–)10–17(–20) mm;

fertile bracts 6–8 mm, margins entire, apex rounded.

Flowers

lateral sepals slightly exserted, straight, 4.2–4.7 mm, keel scarious, entire or apically lacerate, apex red, narrow, firm;

petals unfolding in morning, blade obovate, 3–4 mm;

staminodes bearded.

lateral sepals included, slightly curved, 6–8 mm, keel scarious, lacerate to lacero-fimbriate;

petals unfolding midday or afternoon, blade broadly obovate to nearly orbiculate, 3–5 mm;

staminodes bearded.

Seeds

translucent, narrowly ellipsoid, (0.6–)0.7–0.9(–1) mm, finely lined.

translucent, ellipsoid-cylindric, 0.6–1 mm, longitudinally multiribbed with fainter cross ribs.

2n

= 18.

Xyris montana

Xyris scabrifolia

Phenology Flowering summer–fall. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Sphagnous bogs, poor fens, acid seeps, shores of glacial lakes, streams, muskegs, or floating bog mats Sandy peats of deep pineland bogs and seeps, bog edges
Elevation 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) 0–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; PA; RI; VT; WI; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Most or all known populations of this species fall within the boundaries of Wisconsin glaciation. The long stems (a trait not known for other North American species) are a response to the burial of the clump bases in deep sphagnum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Although I have seen no records from South Carolina, Xyris scabrifolia is to be expected there.

Several examples of what Bridges and Orzell have named Xyris chapmanii, together with a series of my own of this morph, show such intergradation that it is impossible to break the two out even as varieties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Xyridaceae > Xyris Xyridaceae > Xyris
Sibling taxa
X. ambigua, X. baldwiniana, X. brevifolia, X. caroliniana, X. difformis, X. drummondii, X. elliottii, X. fimbriata, X. flabelliformis, X. isoetifolia, X. jupicai, X. laxifolia, X. longisepala, X. platylepis, X. scabrifolia, X. serotina, X. smalliana, X. stricta, X. tennesseensis, X. torta
X. ambigua, X. baldwiniana, X. brevifolia, X. caroliniana, X. difformis, X. drummondii, X. elliottii, X. fimbriata, X. flabelliformis, X. isoetifolia, X. jupicai, X. laxifolia, X. longisepala, X. montana, X. platylepis, X. serotina, X. smalliana, X. stricta, X. tennesseensis, X. torta
Synonyms X. flexuosa var. pusilla, X. papillosa X. chapmanii
Name authority Ries: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 19: 38. (1892) R. M. Harper: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 30: 325. (1903)
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