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Canada cocklebur, cocklebur, common cocklebur, lampourde glouteron, rough cocklebur, rough cockleburr

Habit Plants 10–80(–200) cm; nodal spines 0.
Leaves

petioles 20–100(–140+) mm;

blades suborbiculate to ± pentagonal or deltate, 4–12(–18+) × 3–10(–18+) cm, sometimes palmately 3–5-lobed, abaxial faces green, hirtellous.

Burs

10–30+ mm.

2n

= 36.

Xanthium strumarium

Phenology Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat Damp or seasonally wet, often alkaline, soils, waste places, margins of agriculture
Elevation 10–2000 m (0–6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Mexico; Central America; South America [Widely introduced in Old World]
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Discussion

Recognition of a dozen or more taxa (treated as species, subspecies, varieties, and/or forms) has been proposed for plants treated together here as Xanthium strumarium. Bases for the various taxa mostly involved subtle differences in the burs.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 19.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Ambrosiinae > Xanthium
Sibling taxa
X. spinosum
Synonyms X. americanum, X. chasei, X. chinense, X. curvescens, X. cylindricum, X. echinatum, X. echinellum, X. globosum, X. inflexum, X. italicum, X. orientale, X. oviforme, X. pensylvanicum, X. speciosum, X. strumarium var. canadense, X. strumarium var. glabratum, X. varians, X. wootonii
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 987. (1753)
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