Xanthisma junceum |
Xanthisma texanum |
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rush bristleweed, rush-like bristleweed |
Texas sleepy-daisy |
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Habit | Subshrubs, 25–100 cm; caudices branched, taproots 2–10+ cm. | Annuals, rarely biennials; taproots 2–10+ cm. | ||||||||
Stems | 3–15+, branched in distal 1/2, slender and wiry, glabrous. |
1–3, usually branched in distal 1/2, sometimes throughout, moderately stout to stout, not wiry, mostly glabrous. |
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Leaves | basal often withering by flowering, 20–35 × 6–12 mm, pinnatifid; cauline evenly spaced, blades oblong to linear, scalelike, 4–6 × 1–2 mm (except proximalmost), markedly reduced distally, margins usually entire, faces glabrous. |
basal (if persisting) 50–80 × 15–25 mm, pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnatifid; cauline evenly spaced, proximal often spatulate, distal 2/3 narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 5–35 × 8–12 mm, markedly reduced distally, margins of proximal pinnatifid to coarsely serrate, of distal minutely, evenly serrulate or entire and antrorsely ciliolate, teeth or cilia 50–90+ per side, teeth tipped by white seta 0.1–1.5 mm, faces glabrous. |
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Peduncles | minutely glandular, if stipitate, then minutely so; bracts 5–25, imbricate, grading into phyllaries. |
moderately to densely hispidulous, eglandular; usually ebracteate. |
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Involucres | hemispheric (narrowed at bases), 0.5–0.8 × 1–1.2 cm. |
hemispheric, 5–10 × 11–20 mm. |
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Ray florets | 15–25; corollas yellow, tubes 3.5–4 mm, laminae 5–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm. |
12–34; corollas yellow, tubes 2.5–3 mm, laminae 5–18 × 2–3 mm. |
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Disc florets | 25–40+; corollas 4.8–6.3 mm. |
50–200+; corollas 4.5–5 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 5–6 series, oblong to linear-oblanceolate, 1.5–6.5 mm, apices acute, tipped by white bristle, faces minutely stipitate-glandular. |
in 3–4 series, faces glabrous; outer usually 1.5–8.5 × 2–5 mm, ciliate; inner 2–10.5 × 1.5–4 mm, often ciliate. |
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Cypselae | narrowly obovoid to oblanceoloid, 1.5–2.5 mm, nerves 12–18, moderately tawny hairy; pappi tawny, 3.5–6 mm, a few abaxial bristles to 1/3 of longest. |
1.6–1.8 mm; pappi 5–6.5 mm, outer lengths often 0.5 longest. |
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2n | = 8, 16. |
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Xanthisma junceum |
Xanthisma texanum |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | |||||||||
Habitat | Rocky, dry slopes | |||||||||
Elevation | 100–1000 m (300–3300 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
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OK; TX
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Discussion | Xanthisma junceum is reported from Arizona, but no specimen has been seen; as it is coastal in distribution, the report is likely based on a misidentified specimen. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). The polymorphic Xanthisma texanum has always been kept distinct from other genera in the tribe, in part due to the unique involucre, here considered a derived structure. The relationship to members of Machaeranthera in the broad sense was never considered until DNA data became available. According to J. C. Semple (1974), the following combination of features characterizes the species: “heterocarpic fruit with a pappus of bristly scales only, fruit pubescence of long white ascending hairs, receptacle slightly convex with a persistent reticulate network of subulate scales.” Interestingly, all of these characters are found in at least some of the taxa of the newly expanded genus. J. C. Semple (1974) classified varieties texanum and orientale under the typical subspecies (as they are peripherally sympatric and appear to hybridize) and the allopatric X. texanum var. drummondii at the subspecific level. The three taxa are here treated as varieties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 390. | FNA vol. 20, p. 385. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Xanthisma > sect. Sideranthus | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Xanthisma > sect. Xanthisma | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Haplopappus junceus, Machaeranthera juncea | |||||||||
Name authority | (Greene) D. R. Morgan & R. L. Hartman: Sida 20: 1406. (2003) | de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 95. (1836) | ||||||||
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