Xanthisma junceum |
Xanthisma gracile |
|
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rush bristleweed, rush-like bristleweed |
annual bristleweed, annual goldenweed, slender goldenweed |
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Habit | Subshrubs, 25–100 cm; caudices branched, taproots 2–10+ cm. | Annuals, 5–45 cm; taproots 2–5+ cm. |
Stems | 3–15+, branched in distal 1/2, slender and wiry, glabrous. |
1–15+, often branched at base or throughout, moderately stout to stout, not wiry, moderately hairy (hairs antrorsely appressed). |
Leaves | basal often withering by flowering, 20–35 × 6–12 mm, pinnatifid; cauline evenly spaced, blades oblong to linear, scalelike, 4–6 × 1–2 mm (except proximalmost), markedly reduced distally, margins usually entire, faces glabrous. |
basal often withering by flowering, blades 20–60 × 10–25 mm, pinnatifid to 2-pinnatifid; cauline evenly spaced, blades obovate to oblanceolate (proximal), oblong to linear (distal 2/3+), 4–10(–20) × 1–3 mm, markedly reduced distally, margins evenly serrate to serrulate, teeth 3–6 per side, each tipped with prominent white bristle 1.5–2.5 mm, faces moderately hairy (hairs antrorsely appressed). |
Peduncles | minutely glandular, if stipitate, then minutely so; bracts 5–25, imbricate, grading into phyllaries. |
moderately hairy (hairs fine, antrorsely appressed, straight to wavy); usually ebracteate. |
Involucres | hemispheric (narrowed at bases), 0.5–0.8 × 1–1.2 cm. |
hemispheric, 0.6–0.8 × 0.8–1.3 cm. |
Ray florets | 15–25; corollas yellow, tubes 3.5–4 mm, laminae 5–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm. |
12–26; corollas yellow, tubes 2.2–3 mm, laminae 6–9.5 × 1–2.5 mm. |
Disc florets | 25–40+; corollas 4.8–6.3 mm. |
50–100+; corollas 4–5 mm. |
Phyllaries | in 5–6 series, oblong to linear-oblanceolate, 1.5–6.5 mm, apices acute, tipped by white bristle, faces minutely stipitate-glandular. |
in 4–5 series, linear to narrowly spatulate, 2–7 mm, apices usually acuminate, sometimes rounded, tipped by white bristle, faces hairy (moderately antrorsely appressed hairs), sparsely and minutely stipitate-glandular distally. |
Cypselae | narrowly obovoid to oblanceoloid, 1.5–2.5 mm, nerves 12–18, moderately tawny hairy; pappi tawny, 3.5–6 mm, a few abaxial bristles to 1/3 of longest. |
narrowly obovoid to oblanceoloid, 1.5–2.8 mm, nerves 24–28, faces sparsely whitish hairy; pappi whitish to tawny, 4–5 mm, bristles progressively longer adaxially. |
2n | = 8, 16. |
= 4, 6, 8. |
Xanthisma junceum |
Xanthisma gracile |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Rocky, dry slopes | Rocky to sandy washes, plains, slopes, roadsides |
Elevation | 100–1000 m (300–3300 ft) | 300–2400 m (1000–7900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
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AZ; CA; CO; ME; NM; NV; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua)
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Discussion | Xanthisma junceum is reported from Arizona, but no specimen has been seen; as it is coastal in distribution, the report is likely based on a misidentified specimen. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Xanthisma gracile is a species of the Southwest that has been introduced in Maine and possibly other eastern states. Xanthisma gracile is treated here in the broad sense, to include the n = 4 Haplopappus ravenii in addition to the n = 2 and 3 chromosomal races. According to R. C. Jackson (1962, 1971), the n = 4 race can be distinguished from the other two races on the basis of floret and phyllary morphology. The former is said to possess fewer and shorter pappus bristles, shorter cypselae, and phyllaries that are covered by stiffer, more erect hairs. I have been unable to make this distinction with confidence. It is true that H. ravenii (based on specimens from its described geographic range, but not confirmed by chromosome counts) has phyllaries with often sparse, ascending to spreading hairs versus more numerous, longer, and generally appressed. Unfortunately, in surveying several hundred sheets of X. gracile in the broad sense, approximately twenty percent showed intermediacy in this character. Formal recognition of the n = 4 race has been questioned by A. Cronquist (1971) and others. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 390. | FNA vol. 20, p. 390. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Xanthisma > sect. Sideranthus | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Xanthisma > sect. Sideranthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Haplopappus junceus, Machaeranthera juncea | Dieteria gracilis, Haplopappus gracilis, Haplopappus ravenii, Machaeranthera gracilis |
Name authority | (Greene) D. R. Morgan & R. L. Hartman: Sida 20: 1406. (2003) | (Nuttall) D. R. Morgan & R. L. Hartman: Sida 20: 1405. (2003) |
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