Warnstorfia fluitans |
Calliergonaceae |
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floating hook-moss, warnstorfia moss |
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Habit | Plants green, yellow-green, brownish, brown-red, or rarely clear red in extremely exposed habitats. | Plants medium-sized to very large, green, yellowish, brownish, or sometimes red. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stem(s) | leaves narrowly ovate to triangular-ovate, falcate or sometimes straight, concave or slightly so; margins denticulate, sometimes only in part or indistinctly; apex acuminate, not incurved; costa to 1/2–4/5 leaf length, occasionally double or shorter; alar region narrowly transversely triangular, supra-alar cells small, not forming region with alar cells. |
leaves straight or falcate, or from straight base suddenly curved, plicate or not; costa single, usually long, or double and usually short; alar cells differentiated or not, often inflated; medial laminal cells linear or short-linear, 1-stratose, smooth. |
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Seta | long, smooth. |
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Capsule | ± horizontal (occasionally inclined in Loeskypnum), cylindric, curved; stomata long-pored; annulus separating or not; operculum conic; peristome perfect; exostome yellow-brown or brownish, external surface ± reticulate proximally, rarely entirely cross striolate, papillose distally, border ± widened at transitional zone in outer peristomial layer pattern, margins dentate or slightly so; endostome basal membrane high, segments long, not or narrowly perforate, cilia nodose. |
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Calyptra | cucullate, smooth. |
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Perichaetia | with inner leaves erect, straight, lanceolate, ovate, oblong, or slightly obovate, plicate or not, costa single, usually well developed; vaginulae with paraphyses or naked. |
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Warnstorfia fluitans |
Calliergonaceae |
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Habitat | Mineral-poor acidic, sometimes nutrient-rich habitats, fens, bog pools, depressions in rock, rock with trickling water | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | low to high elevations (0-3500 m) (low to high elevations (0-11500 ft)) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; CO; CT; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; VA; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; South America; Atlantic Islands; Pacific Islands (New Zealand, Papua New Guinea); Indian Ocean Islands (Kerguelen Islands); Greenland; e Africa; s Africa; Eurasia; Australia
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Nearly worldwide; temperate to subpolar regions and tropical mountains |
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Discussion | Warnstorfia fluitans is recognized by the somewhat indistinctly delimited transverse, more or less narrowly triangular alar regions in the stem leaves, and by the autoicous sexual condition. Warnstorfia pseudostraminea has alar regions that are sometimes transversely triangular (though more broadly so than in W. fluitans), but in some or most leaves the alar and large supra-alar cells together form an oval or rectangular region along the proximal leaf margins. Warnstorfia pseudostraminea has more or less straight to slightly falcate stem leaves, often with obtuse leaf apices having short cells, and the leaf apex is commonly hooked. However, neither of the last mentioned features are constant in W. pseudostraminea, and occasional (rare) specimens of W. fluitans have the same character states. Variety falcata (Drepanocladus fluitans var. uncatus) has been recognized, but because no type material seems to be extant, the status of this taxon cannot be evaluated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 7, species ca. 22 (7 genera, 20 species in the flora). Genera of Calliergonaceae are fairly well circumscribed based on morphology and molecular data, and are well differentiated from Amblystegiaceae. All species, except sometimes Scorpidium revolvens and S. scorpioides, have a reticulate proximal external surface of the exostome, whereas all members here treated in Amblystegiaceae, except Conardia and Tomentypnum, are cross striolate on the outer basal exostome. Many Calliergonaceae species become translucent red when growing in habitats exposed to sunlight; this is never the case among Amblystegiaceae. Morphological features further characterize the genera Calliergon, Loeskypnum, Sarmentypnum, Straminergon, and Warnstorfia. When shoots grow erect, these are radially rather than distichously branched, except in species that are sparsely branched. Rhizoid initials, and sometimes rhizoids, are frequently found in various parts of the leaf lamina, especially close to the apex. Leaf-borne rhizoid initial cells are easily recognized in being slightly wider than the surrounding laminal cells and lacking the pigments of the latter. Among Amblystegiaceae genera, rhizoid initials and rhizoids are found in leaves only in Conardia, in which they often occur both close to apices and on the abaxial costa, and in Tomentypnum, in which they are found only on the abaxial surface of the costa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 28, p. 396. | FNA vol. 28, p. 384. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Calliergonaceae > Warnstorfia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Hypnum fluitans, Drepanocladus berggrenii, D. fluitans, D. fluitans var. falcatus, D. fluitans var. setiformis, D. fluitans var. uncatus, W. fluitans var. falcata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Hedwig) Loeske: Hedwigia 46: 310. (1907) | Vanderpoorten | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |