Flora of North America species comparison

unarmed, hairy, hairs stellate and/or simple, sometimes also glandular.

1–3 mm wide, nodes knobby, joints exserted 0.8–1 mm.

petiolate;

stipules deciduous, narrowly triangular or linear-triangular;

blade: margins dentate, serrate, or crenate.

stipules linear-triangular, to 5 mm;

petiole 1–12(–20) × 0.4–0.6 mm, with low tubercles;

blade concolor, dark brown, bronze, or coppery, drying brownish olive, usually broadly oblong to oblong, ovate-oblong, or obovate-oblong, sometimes ovate, to 5 × 3 cm, resinous, base widely cuneate to slightly cordate, margins sharply dentate or sharply crenate-dentate, revolute, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrate, slightly scabrous, puberulent, and/or sparsely hispidulous with rays planar, almost lepidote, at times moderately dense finely pubescent, trichome rays 0.1–0.5 mm, densely subsessile-glandular, costal vein thick.

axillary, cincinni in double or compound dichasial clusters, glomerulate, or paniculiform, 5–40-flowered;

epicalyx absent;

bracts 4, unilateral subtending floral pair, unequal or subequal.

subsessile glomerules on ultimate 5–7(–12) nodes;

peduncle 1 × 0.8 mm;

glomerules compact, 0.4–0.9 × 0.5–1.2 cm, 6–12-flowered, composed of terminal flower subtended by accessory shoots with simple elongate cincinnate dichasia;

bracteoles free, bracts subequal, narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or linear, exterior lanceolate, interior linear, wider bracts 0.4–1.4 mm wide, apex acute, entire distally.

sweet-smelling, sessile or subsessile, homostylous [mostly distylous];

sepals connate 1/2–2/3 length, nectary present;

petals late-deciduous, pale yellow, bright yellow, or yellow-orange, usually darker in corolla throat, spatulate, clawed [rarely not clawed], lamina obovate, oblong, oblanceolate, or obtriangular;

androgynophore absent or present, to 0.7 mm;

stamens connate most of length [connate basally to entirely];

anthers 2-thecate, oblong or ovate;

staminodes 0;

ovary 1-locular, obovoid or obconic, stipitate or not;

ovules 2 per locule;

styles included, cylindric;

stigmas 10–40-branched, apex slightly exserted above stamen apices and corolla.

sessile;

calyx 2–4.8 mm, hirsutulous and hirsute, tube 1.7–2.5 mm, lobes 1–2 mm;

petals bright yellow-orange, oblanceolate, obovate, or oblong, 2.5–4.8 × 0.7–1.3 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially subglabrous, densely papillose, with a few pilulose hairs, margins glabrous or very minutely stellate-puberulent, claw adherent for 0.3–0.7 mm to stamen tube base;

stamens 1.8–3.1 mm, uneven, tube at apex incised, arcuate, or truncate, yellow-papillose;

anthers 0.6–1 mm, base sagittate, ovate-dehisced;

pistil 2.6–3.5 mm;

ovary sericeous apically;

styles 1–1.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm, lateral, densely white-sericeous;

stigmas 20–40-branched, penicillate or distended-penicillate, obconic when dried, 0.8–1.4 × 1.2–1.5 mm, column 0.3–0.4 mm, branches 0.6–1 mm.

capsules, 1-locular, obconic, obovoid, or oblique, apically hairy, dehiscence partially or completely loculicidal.

obconic, transverse-truncate at apex, 1.7–2.4 × 1.5–1.7 mm, with dense white puberulent line at apical valve margin;

walls with endocarp corneous 1.6+ mm from apex, sometimes thin at base and along valve margins;

dehiscence usually 2-valvate, valve halves completely separate.

1(or 2) per locule, brown or black, slightly laterally compressed, obovoid, obconic, or oblique, smooth or minutely granulate;

endosperm present;

cotyledons oblate [widely elliptic to elliptic, circular].

dull black, obovoid, 1.8–2.2 × 1.1–1.5 × 1.1 mm, apex with finely keeled linear low brown ridge, surface generally smooth but slightly pusticulate.

= 5, 6, 7, 10, 13.