Vitis vulpina |
Vitis aestivalis |
|
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chicken grape, fox grape, frost grape, vigne des renards, wild grape, winter grape |
summer grape, summer or post oak or big summer or silverleaf or blue grape, vigne d'été |
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Habit | Plants moderate to high climbing, sparsely branched. | Plants high climbing, sparsely branched. |
Branches | bark exfoliating in shreds; nodal diaphragms 1–2.5 mm thick; branchlets gray to green or brown, if purplish only on one side, terete, glabrous, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves, glabrous or sparsely hairy; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
bark exfoliating in shreds; nodal diaphragms 1–4 mm thick; branchlets terete, tomentose, arachnoid-floccose, or glabrous, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
Leaves | stipules 1.5–3 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate, (5–)9–18 cm, usually unlobed or shallowly 3-lobed, sometimes deeply lobed on ground shoots, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, glabrous, visible, veins and vein axils sometimes hirtellous, adaxial surface usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hirtellous. |
stipules 1–4 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate to orbiculate, 7–25 cm, unlobed to 3-shouldered or 3–5-lobed, sometimes deeply so, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface glaucous, ± arachnoid or floccose, visible through hairs, hairs usually rusty, sometimes whitish, veins and vein axils sometimes hirtellous, adaxial surface glabrous or puberulent. |
Inflorescences | 9–19 cm. |
7–20 cm. |
Flowers | functionally unisexual. |
functionally unisexual. |
Berries | black, usually not, sometimes very slightly, glaucous, globose, 8–12 mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. |
black, glaucous, globose, 8–20 mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Vitis vulpina |
Vitis aestivalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering May; fruiting Jul–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Upland forests, floodplain forests, woodland borders, prairies, fencerows, thickets, roadsides. | Woodlands, woodland borders, thickets, fence- and hedgerows, scrub, stabilized dunes, stream or riverbanks, floodplain and upland forests, lowland woods. |
Elevation | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON
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Discussion | Vitis aestivalis is sometimes confused with V. cinerea. However, the glaucous abaxial leaf surfaces, more heavily glaucous and larger berries, terete branchlets that are less evenly pubescent, preference for better drained, drier habitats, and earlier blooming period distinguish V. aestivalis from V. cinerea. Several varieties have been recognized based on leaf and young stem pubescence and fruit sizes (B. L. Comeaux et al. 1987; M. O. Moore 1991). The boundaries of the varieties are highly inconsistent and it is often difficult to apply the varietal concepts in the field. Recent molecular evidence supports the monophyly of V. aestivalis, but none of the varieties were supported as monophyletic (Wan Y. et al. 2013). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 15. | FNA vol. 12, p. 8. |
Parent taxa | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. cordifolia, V. cordifolia var. sempervirens, V. illex, V. pullaria | V. aestivalis var. argentifolia, V. aestivalis var. bicolor, V. aestivalis var. linsecomii, V. aestivalis var. sinuata, V. aestivalis subsp. smalliana, V. aestivalis var. smalliana, V. araneosa, V. gigas, V. labrusca var. aestivalis, V. linsecomii, V. linsecomii var. glauca, V. rufotomentosa, V. sinuata, V. smalliana, V. vinifera var. aestivalis |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 203. (1753) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 230. (1803) |
Web links |