Vitis vinifera |
Vitis ×champinii |
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cultivated grape, European grape, grape of commerce, wine grape |
Champin's grape |
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Habit | Plants sprawling to moderately high climbing, sparsely branched. | Plants moderate to high climbing, sparsely branched. |
Branches | bark exfoliating in shreds or plates; nodal diaphragms 3–5 mm thick; branchlets terete to slightly angled, pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
bark tardily exfoliating in shreds; nodal diaphragms 1.5–2.5 mm thick; branchlets terete, sparsely arachnoid, becoming glabrate, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes, nodes not red-banded. |
Leaves | stipules usually more than 3.5 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate-ovate to cordate-orbiculate, 12–20 cm, usually 3-shouldered to 3–5-lobed, sometimes deeply so, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, sparsely pubescent to glabrate, visible through hairs, adaxial surface usually glabrous. |
stipules 2–5.5 mm; petiole 1/2 blade; blade usually cordate, sometimes nearly reniform, 5–15 cm, usually 3-shouldered to very shallowly 3-lobed, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, sparsely arachnoid to glabrate, not hirtellous, visible through hairs, adaxial surface usually glabrous. |
Inflorescences | 10–20 cm. |
3–7 cm. |
Flowers | bisexual. |
functionally unisexual. |
Berries | usually reddish purple to nearly black, sometimes yellow-green, ± glaucous, oblong to ellipsoid, 8–25 mm diam., skin adhering to pulp; lenticels absent. |
black, usually not, sometimes very slightly, glaucous, globose, 12+ mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. |
2n | = 38, 76. |
= 38. |
Vitis vinifera |
Vitis ×champinii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep. | Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Riparian areas, disturbed sites. | Well drained, calcareous soils. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 200–700 m. (700–2300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MA; NH; NY; OR; PA; WA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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TX |
Discussion | Vitis vinifera and cultivars formed by hybridization between it and native North American species or through selection are cultivated in Europe, many parts of the United States and southern Canada, and parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia; these have been reported persisting from cultivation (for example, in California, Utah, and Virginia) and occasionally escaping. Some specimens keying here may represent naturally occurring hybrids between native species and V. vinifera or its hybrid cultivars. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Vitis ×champinii is found on and adjacent to the Edwards Plateau and is a hybrid between V. mustangensis and V. rupestris; it is now rare in nature (B. L. Comeaux 1987). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 8. | FNA vol. 12, p. 12. |
Parent taxa | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 202. (1753) | Planchon: Vigne Amér. Vitic. Eur. 6: 22. (1882) |
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