Vitis vinifera |
Vitis vulpina |
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cultivated grape, European grape, grape of commerce, wine grape |
chicken grape, fox grape, frost grape, vigne des renards, wild grape, winter grape |
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Habit | Plants sprawling to moderately high climbing, sparsely branched. | Plants moderate to high climbing, sparsely branched. |
Branches | bark exfoliating in shreds or plates; nodal diaphragms 3–5 mm thick; branchlets terete to slightly angled, pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
bark exfoliating in shreds; nodal diaphragms 1–2.5 mm thick; branchlets gray to green or brown, if purplish only on one side, terete, glabrous, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves, glabrous or sparsely hairy; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
Leaves | stipules usually more than 3.5 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate-ovate to cordate-orbiculate, 12–20 cm, usually 3-shouldered to 3–5-lobed, sometimes deeply so, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, sparsely pubescent to glabrate, visible through hairs, adaxial surface usually glabrous. |
stipules 1.5–3 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate, (5–)9–18 cm, usually unlobed or shallowly 3-lobed, sometimes deeply lobed on ground shoots, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, glabrous, visible, veins and vein axils sometimes hirtellous, adaxial surface usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hirtellous. |
Inflorescences | 10–20 cm. |
9–19 cm. |
Flowers | bisexual. |
functionally unisexual. |
Berries | usually reddish purple to nearly black, sometimes yellow-green, ± glaucous, oblong to ellipsoid, 8–25 mm diam., skin adhering to pulp; lenticels absent. |
black, usually not, sometimes very slightly, glaucous, globose, 8–12 mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. |
2n | = 38, 76. |
= 38. |
Vitis vinifera |
Vitis vulpina |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep. | Flowering May; fruiting Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Riparian areas, disturbed sites. | Upland forests, floodplain forests, woodland borders, prairies, fencerows, thickets, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MA; NH; NY; OR; PA; WA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
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Discussion | Vitis vinifera and cultivars formed by hybridization between it and native North American species or through selection are cultivated in Europe, many parts of the United States and southern Canada, and parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia; these have been reported persisting from cultivation (for example, in California, Utah, and Virginia) and occasionally escaping. Some specimens keying here may represent naturally occurring hybrids between native species and V. vinifera or its hybrid cultivars. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 8. | FNA vol. 12, p. 15. |
Parent taxa | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. cordifolia, V. cordifolia var. sempervirens, V. illex, V. pullaria | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 202. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 203. (1753) |
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