Vitis vinifera |
Vitis palmata |
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cultivated grape, European grape, grape of commerce, wine grape |
catbird grape, red grape |
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Habit | Plants sprawling to moderately high climbing, sparsely branched. | Plants high climbing, sparsely branched. |
Branches | bark exfoliating in shreds or plates; nodal diaphragms 3–5 mm thick; branchlets terete to slightly angled, pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
bark exfoliating in shreds; nodal diaphragms 2.5–4 mm thick; branchlets uniformly red, purplish red, or chestnut, subterete, glabrous or very sparsely arachnoid, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils red-pigmented when young, along length of branchlets, persistent, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
Leaves | stipules usually more than 3.5 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate-ovate to cordate-orbiculate, 12–20 cm, usually 3-shouldered to 3–5-lobed, sometimes deeply so, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, sparsely pubescent to glabrate, visible through hairs, adaxial surface usually glabrous. |
stipules 1.5–3 mm; petiole somewhat shorter than blade; blade usually cordate, 8–14 cm, usually deeply 3(–5)-lobed, apex long acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, glabrous, visible, veins and vein axils sometimes hirtellous, adaxial surface glabrous. |
Inflorescences | 10–20 cm. |
6–18 cm. |
Flowers | bisexual. |
functionally unisexual. |
Berries | usually reddish purple to nearly black, sometimes yellow-green, ± glaucous, oblong to ellipsoid, 8–25 mm diam., skin adhering to pulp; lenticels absent. |
bluish black to black, slightly or not glaucous, globose, 8–10 mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. |
2n | = 38, 76. |
= 38. |
Vitis vinifera |
Vitis palmata |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep. | Flowering mid Jun–early Jul; fruiting Aug–Oct. |
Habitat | Riparian areas, disturbed sites. | Riverbanks, sloughs, alluvial floodplain woodlands. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MA; NH; NY; OR; PA; WA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MO; MS; OK; TN; TX
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Discussion | Vitis vinifera and cultivars formed by hybridization between it and native North American species or through selection are cultivated in Europe, many parts of the United States and southern Canada, and parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia; these have been reported persisting from cultivation (for example, in California, Utah, and Virginia) and occasionally escaping. Some specimens keying here may represent naturally occurring hybrids between native species and V. vinifera or its hybrid cultivars. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Reports of Vitis palmata from Virginia (for example, in A. S. Weakley et al. 2012) appear to be based on misidentified material of V. vulpina with somewhat lobed leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 8. | FNA vol. 12, p. 15. |
Parent taxa | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. rubra | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 202. (1753) | Vahl: Symb. Bot. 3: 42. (1794) |
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