Vitis vinifera |
Vitis cinerea |
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cultivated grape, European grape, grape of commerce, wine grape |
downy or sweet winter or graybark grape, graybark grape, parra silvestre, sweet grape |
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Habit | Plants sprawling to moderately high climbing, sparsely branched. | Plants high climbing, sparsely branched. | ||||||||||||
Branches | bark exfoliating in shreds or plates; nodal diaphragms 3–5 mm thick; branchlets terete to slightly angled, pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
bark exfoliating in shreds; nodal diaphragms 1.5–3.5 mm thick; branchlets slightly to distinctly angled, densely hirtellous and/or sparsely to densely arachnoid, to glabrate, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes sometimes red-banded. |
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Leaves | stipules usually more than 3.5 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate-ovate to cordate-orbiculate, 12–20 cm, usually 3-shouldered to 3–5-lobed, sometimes deeply so, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, sparsely pubescent to glabrate, visible through hairs, adaxial surface usually glabrous. |
stipules 1–3 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate, 6–20 cm, usually unlobed to 3-shouldered, sometimes 3-lobed, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, sparsely to densely arachnoid or glabrous, visible through hairs, veins and vein axils hirtellous, adaxial surface glabrous or hairy. |
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Inflorescences | 10–20 cm. |
10–25 cm. |
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Flowers | bisexual. |
functionally unisexual. |
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Berries | usually reddish purple to nearly black, sometimes yellow-green, ± glaucous, oblong to ellipsoid, 8–25 mm diam., skin adhering to pulp; lenticels absent. |
black, slightly or not glaucous, globose, 4–8 mm diam., skin separating from pulp, lenticels absent. |
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2n | = 38, 76. |
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Vitis vinifera |
Vitis cinerea |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Riparian areas, disturbed sites. | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; ID; MA; NH; NY; OR; PA; WA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ne Mexico
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Discussion | Vitis vinifera and cultivars formed by hybridization between it and native North American species or through selection are cultivated in Europe, many parts of the United States and southern Canada, and parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia; these have been reported persisting from cultivation (for example, in California, Utah, and Virginia) and occasionally escaping. Some specimens keying here may represent naturally occurring hybrids between native species and V. vinifera or its hybrid cultivars. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 5 (4 in the flora). Vitis cinerea var. tomentosa (Planchon) Comeaux is endemic to northeastern Mexico (B. L. Comeaux and J. Lu 2000). Vitis cinerea is sometimes confused with V. aestivalis; see the discussion under that species. Vitis cinerea as defined here is highly variable and is in need of field studies and phylogeographic analysis, along with its tropical relatives V. biforma Rose and V. tiliifolia. Wan Y. et al. (2013) concluded that V. cinerea is not monophyletic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 8. | FNA vol. 12, p. 13. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis | ||||||||||||
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Synonyms | V. aestivalis var. cinerea | |||||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 202. (1753) | (Engelmann) Millardet: Mém. Soc. Sci. Phys. Nat. Bordeaux, sér. 2, 3: 319, 336. (1880) | ||||||||||||
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