Vitis vinifera |
Vitis californica |
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cultivated grape, European grape, grape of commerce, wine grape |
California wild, California wild grape, northern California grape, Pacific, Pacific grape, western wild grape |
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Habit | Plants sprawling to moderately high climbing, sparsely branched. | Plants high climbing, sparsely branched. |
Branches | bark exfoliating in shreds or plates; nodal diaphragms 3–5 mm thick; branchlets terete to slightly angled, pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
bark exfoliating in plates; nodal diaphragms 3–4 mm thick; branchlets terete to slightly angled, tomentose, tomentum thinning in age, sometimes also hirtellous, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
Leaves | stipules usually more than 3.5 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate-ovate to cordate-orbiculate, 12–20 cm, usually 3-shouldered to 3–5-lobed, sometimes deeply so, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, sparsely pubescent to glabrate, visible through hairs, adaxial surface usually glabrous. |
stipules usually less than 3.5 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate to orbiculate or nearly reniform, 7–15 cm, unlobed or shallowly 3–5-lobed, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, moderately to sparsely tomentose, visible through hairs, adaxial surface sparsely tomentose to glabrate. |
Inflorescences | 10–20 cm. |
5–10 cm. |
Flowers | bisexual. |
functionally unisexual. |
Berries | usually reddish purple to nearly black, sometimes yellow-green, ± glaucous, oblong to ellipsoid, 8–25 mm diam., skin adhering to pulp; lenticels absent. |
purple to black, moderately to heavily glaucous, globose, 8–10 mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. |
2n | = 38, 76. |
= 38. |
Vitis vinifera |
Vitis californica |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep. | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep. |
Habitat | Riparian areas, disturbed sites. | Stream banks, perennial springs, canyons. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 10–1500 m. (0–4900 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MA; NH; NY; OR; PA; WA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Vitis vinifera and cultivars formed by hybridization between it and native North American species or through selection are cultivated in Europe, many parts of the United States and southern Canada, and parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia; these have been reported persisting from cultivation (for example, in California, Utah, and Virginia) and occasionally escaping. Some specimens keying here may represent naturally occurring hybrids between native species and V. vinifera or its hybrid cultivars. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Vitis californica occurs in central and northern California (from San Luis Obispo to Inyo counties north) to southern Oregon. It is variable and intergrades with V. girdiana in southern California, and hybridizes with both V. girdiana and V. vinifera, often making identification difficult. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 8. | FNA vol. 12, p. 12. |
Parent taxa | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 202. (1753) | Bentham: Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 10. (1844) |
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