Vitis vinifera |
Vitis arizonica |
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cultivated grape, European grape, grape of commerce, wine grape |
canyon grape |
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Habit | Plants sprawling to moderately high climbing, sparsely branched. | Plants sprawling to low climbing, shrubby, much branched. |
Branches | bark exfoliating in shreds or plates; nodal diaphragms 3–5 mm thick; branchlets terete to slightly angled, pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
bark exfoliating in plates; nodal diaphragms 1.5–3 mm thick; branchlets slightly angled when young, becoming terete, arachnoid or arachnoid-floccose, sometimes glabrescent, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, soon deciduous if not attached to support, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
Leaves | stipules usually more than 3.5 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate-ovate to cordate-orbiculate, 12–20 cm, usually 3-shouldered to 3–5-lobed, sometimes deeply so, apex acute to short acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, sparsely pubescent to glabrate, visible through hairs, adaxial surface usually glabrous. |
stipules 1.5–3 mm; petiole 1/2 to ± equaling blade; blade cordate to cordate-ovate, 5–12 cm, usually unlobed to 3-shouldered, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, moderately to sparsely arachnoid, visible through hairs, veins and vein axils sometimes only hirtellous, adaxial surface sparsely arachnoid or glabrous. |
Inflorescences | 10–20 cm. |
4–12 cm. |
Flowers | bisexual. |
functionally unisexual. |
Berries | usually reddish purple to nearly black, sometimes yellow-green, ± glaucous, oblong to ellipsoid, 8–25 mm diam., skin adhering to pulp; lenticels absent. |
black, slightly or not glaucous, globose, 6–10 mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. |
2n | = 38, 76. |
= 38. |
Vitis vinifera |
Vitis arizonica |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Riparian areas, disturbed sites. | Stream banks, canyon bottoms. |
Elevation | 0–1200 m. (0–3900 ft.) | 400–3000 m. (1300–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MA; NH; NY; OR; PA; WA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AZ; NM; NV; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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Discussion | Vitis vinifera and cultivars formed by hybridization between it and native North American species or through selection are cultivated in Europe, many parts of the United States and southern Canada, and parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia; these have been reported persisting from cultivation (for example, in California, Utah, and Virginia) and occasionally escaping. Some specimens keying here may represent naturally occurring hybrids between native species and V. vinifera or its hybrid cultivars. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Vitis arizonica is variable and intergrades with V. girdiana in southern Nevada; it is in need of in-depth field and experimental studies. Some authors have recognized two varieties of this species (vars. arizonica and glabra), but the characters used to distinguish them intergrade so freely that their recognition does not seem justified. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 8. | FNA vol. 12, p. 13. |
Parent taxa | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. arizonica var. galvinii, V. arizonica var. glabra, V. treleasei | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 202. (1753) | Engelmann: Amer. Naturalist 2: 321. (1868) |
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