Vitis mustangensis |
Vitaceae |
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mustang grape |
grape family |
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Habit | Plants high climbing, sparsely branched. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Branches | bark exfoliating in shreds; nodal diaphragms 1.5–3 mm thick; branchlets subterete to terete, densely to sparsely tomentose, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
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Leaves | stipules 1.5–4 mm; petiole 1/2–3/4 blade; blade cordate to nearly reniform, 6–14 cm, usually unlobed but sometimes 3-shouldered or deeply 3–5 lobed, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface not glaucous, densely white to rusty tomentose, concealed (except sometimes veins) by hairs, adaxial surface floccose to glabrate. |
alternate, simple or palmately or pinnately compound; stipules present; petiole present; blade often palmately lobed, margins dentate, serrate, or crenate; venation palmate or pinnate. |
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Inflorescences | 4–10 cm. |
bisexual or functionally unisexual, axillary or terminal and appearing leaf-opposed, cymes or thryses [spikes]. |
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Flowers | functionally unisexual. |
bisexual or unisexual; perianth and androecium hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 4–5(–9), connate most or all of length; petals (3–)4–5(–9), distinct (connate distally, forming calyptra, in Vitis) [connate basally], valvate, free; nectary intrastaminal; stamens (3–)4–5(–9), opposite petals, distinct; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; staminodes present in functionally pistillate flowers; pistil 1, 2[–3]-carpellate, ovary superior, 2[–3]-locular, placentation axile, sometimes appearing parietal; ovules 2 per locule, apotropous or anatropous; style 1; stigma 1 [4]. |
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Fruits | berries. |
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Berries | usually black, sometimes dark red, slightly or not glaucous, globose, 12+ mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. |
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Seeds | 1–4 per fruit. |
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Vines | or lianas, occasionally shrubby [trees], synoecious, dioecious, or polygamomonoecious; commonly with multicellular, stalked, caducous, spheric structures (pearl glands); tendrils usually present, rarely absent. |
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2n | = 38. |
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Vitis mustangensis |
Vitaceae |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–early Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Woodland edges, fencerows, thickets, lowland woods, disturbed areas. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–700 m. (0–2300 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; LA; MS; OK; TX
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North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Eurasia; Africa; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia; primarily tropical and subtropical with a few genera in warm temperate to temperate regions |
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Discussion | In several early publications (for example, T. V. Munson 1909), Vitis mustangensis was known as V. candicans Engelmann ex A. Gray. M. O. Moore (1991) argued that the name V. candicans is ambiguous and not identifiable with any species based on the original description, making the more recent name V. mustangensis the valid and legitimate one for this species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 15, species ca. 900 (6 genera, 30 species in the flora). In the past decade, considerable effort has been made to reconstruct the phylogeny of Vitaceae (M. Rossetto et al. 2001, 2002; M. J. Ingrouille et al. 2002; A. Soejima and Wen J. 2006; Wen et al. 2007; Ren H. et al. 2011; A. Trias-Blasi et al. 2012; Lu L. M. et al. 2013; Wen et al. 2013b; Zhang N. et al. 2015). These analyses have generally supported five major clades within Vitaceae: the Ampelopsis clade, the Ampelocissus-Vitis clade, the Parthenocissus-Yua clade, the core Cissus clade, and the Cayratia-Cyphostemma-Tetrastigma clade. Placentation type and ovary locule number in Vitaceae have been interpreted in different ways. Most authors state that the gynoecium is bilocular and the placentation type is axile (for example, J. E. Planchon 1887; P. K. Endress 2010), but others report the gynoecium as unilocular and refer to the placentation type as parietal (V. Puri 1952; N. C. Nair and K. V. Mani 1960). Recent anatomical studies confirm that the ovary in Vitaceae is usually bilocular [occasionally trilocular in Cayratia, or unilocular in some species of Cyphostemma (Planchon) Alston, such as Cyphostemma sandersonii (Harvey) Descoings], and that the placentation is axile, although it may sometimes appear parietal (S. M. Ickert-Bond et al. 2014). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 10. | FNA vol. 12, p. 3. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | V. candicans var. diversa, V. mustangensis var. diversa | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Buckley: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 451. (1862) | Jussieu | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |
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