Vitis arizonica |
Vitis labrusca |
|
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canyon grape |
fox grape, fox grape-vine, vigne lambruche |
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Habit | Plants sprawling to low climbing, shrubby, much branched. | Plants high climbing, sparsely branched. |
Branches | bark exfoliating in plates; nodal diaphragms 1.5–3 mm thick; branchlets slightly angled when young, becoming terete, arachnoid or arachnoid-floccose, sometimes glabrescent, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, soon deciduous if not attached to support, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at only 2 consecutive nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
bark exfoliating in shreds; nodal diaphragms 0.5–2.5 mm thick; branchlets terete, densely tomentose to arachnoid-floccose or glabrous, sometimes with spinose, gland-tipped hairs, growing tips not enveloped by unfolding leaves; tendrils along length of branchlets, persistent, branched, tendrils (or inflorescences) at almost all nodes; nodes not red-banded. |
Leaves | stipules 1.5–3 mm; petiole 1/2 to ± equaling blade; blade cordate to cordate-ovate, 5–12 cm, usually unlobed to 3-shouldered, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface not glaucous, moderately to sparsely arachnoid, visible through hairs, veins and vein axils sometimes only hirtellous, adaxial surface sparsely arachnoid or glabrous. |
stipules 2–4 mm; petiole ± equaling blade; blade cordate, usually 3-shouldered, sometimes unlobed or deeply 3(–5)-lobed, 10–20 cm, apex usually acute, abaxial surface not glaucous, densely and persistently arachnoid, concealed (except sometimes veins) by hairs, adaxial surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Inflorescences | 4–12 cm. |
6–14 cm. |
Flowers | functionally unisexual. |
functionally unisexual. |
Berries | black, slightly or not glaucous, globose, 6–10 mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. |
black, usually not, sometimes slightly, glaucous, globose, 12+ mm diam., skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. |
2n | = 38. |
= 38. |
Vitis arizonica |
Vitis labrusca |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Jul–Oct. | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. |
Habitat | Stream banks, canyon bottoms. | Upland and lowland woods and forests, intermittently flooded bottomlands, forest edges, thickets, roadsides. |
Elevation | 400–3000 m. (1300–9800 ft.) | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; NV; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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AL; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; ON
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Discussion | Vitis arizonica is variable and intergrades with V. girdiana in southern Nevada; it is in need of in-depth field and experimental studies. Some authors have recognized two varieties of this species (vars. arizonica and glabra), but the characters used to distinguish them intergrade so freely that their recognition does not seem justified. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Hybrids between Vitis labrusca and V. vinifera, such as "Concord," are widely cultivated. The Concord grape is the result of crosses with V. vinifera as the maternal parent and V. labrusca as the paternal parent, with the F1 backcrossed with V. labrusca as the paternal parent (J. Wen, unpubl.). Vitis ×labruscana L. H. Bailey is the name applied to these hybrids between V. labrusca and V. vinifera, some of which have escaped from cultivation and become naturalized in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Utah, and western British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 13. | FNA vol. 12, p. 9. |
Parent taxa | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis | Vitaceae > Vitis > subg. Vitis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. arizonica var. galvinii, V. arizonica var. glabra, V. treleasei | V. labrusca var. alba, V. labrusca var. labruscoides, V. labrusca var. rosea, V. labrusca var. subedentata |
Name authority | Engelmann: Amer. Naturalist 2: 321. (1868) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 203. (1753) |
Web links |