Viola walteri |
Viola walteri var. appalachiensis |
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prostrate blue violet |
Appalachian blue or Appalachian violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, caulescent, stoloniferous, 5–19 cm; stolons green or reddish, leafy, sometimes rooting at nodes, becoming lignified in age. | |||||
Stems | 1–5, prostrate, spreading, finely puberulent, from current and/or previous year’s growth, on usually vertical, fleshy rhizome, rooting and forming rosettes at or near tip; rooted rosettes often develop into an erect, fleshy caudex from which new stems are produced. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; basal: 3–6; stipules lanceolate, margins laciniate, projections often long-filamentous, apex long-acuminate; petiole 2.3–7.3 cm, glabrous or pubescent; blade often purple-spotted abaxially and/or adaxially, ovate to reniform, 1.2–5 × 1.6–3.6 cm, base deeply to broadly cordate, margins crenulate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous or pubescent; cauline similar to basal except: stipules ovate to lanceolate, margins laciniate; petiole 1–3.5 cm; blade 1.3–2.9 × 1.4–3.2 cm. |
blade surfaces glabrous, if pubescent, hairs usually confined to adaxial surface. |
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Peduncles | 5–9.6 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins mostly eciliate, auricles 0.5–1 mm; petals pale to bluish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and darker violet-veined, lateral 2 and often upper 2 and lowest bearded, lowest 15–18 mm, spur white, gibbous to usually elongated, 3–5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
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Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 5–7 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | brown, 1–1.5 mm. |
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Stipule | margin processes to 1/2 stipule length. |
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2n | = 20. |
= 20. |
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Viola walteri |
Viola walteri var. appalachiensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Mesic woodlands, open woodlands on serpentine, floodplains, edges of bogs and swamps | |||||
Elevation | 500–1100 m (1600–3600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MS; NC; OH; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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MD; NC; PA; WV |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
L. E. McKinney (1986) considered the differences between Viola walteri and V. appalachiensis to be minor, choosing not to recognize the latter. H. E. Ballard and D. E. Wujek (1994) provided evidence to continue recognition of V. appalachiensis. Variety appalachiensis is reported to hybridize with Viola striata (= V. ×wujekii H. E. Ballard). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 163. | FNA vol. 6, p. 164. | ||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola > Viola walteri | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | V. appalachiensis | |||||
Name authority | House: Torreya 6: 172. (1906) | (L. K. Henry) L. E. McKinney ex S. P. Grund & B. L. Isaac: Castanea 72: 59. (2007) | ||||
Web links |