Viola villosa |
Viola purpurea |
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Carolina violet, southern woolly violet |
goosefoot violet, mountain violet, pine violet, purple-mark yellow violet |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. | Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–25 cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–5(–7), decumbent or spreading to erect, leafy proximally and distally, ± glabrous, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. |
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Leaves | basal, 4–9, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 3–10 cm, densely pubescent; blade unlobed, reniform or ovate to elliptic, 1–8 × 1–5.5 cm, base cordate, margins serrate, ciliate, apex rounded to acute, mucronulate, surfaces densely pubescent. |
basal and cauline; basal: 1–6; stipules adnate to petiole, forming 2 linear, membranous wings, wing margins entire or laciniate, each wing with lanceolate to ± deltate projection, margins entire or laciniate, apex acute to long-acuminate; petiole 1.8–14.5 cm, puberulent to tomentose; blade purplish, purple-tinted, or gray-green abaxially, gray, green, or gray-green adaxially, sometimes shiny adaxially, ovate, orbiculate, oblong, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.8–5.3 × 0.4–4.1 cm, often fleshy, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, oblique or not, margins usually ± crenate, serrate, dentate, or coarsely or irregularly repand-dentate, sometimes entire, usually ciliate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous, puberulent, or tomentose; cauline similar to basal except: stipules linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ± oblong to ovate, margins entire, lacerate, or laciniate, usually ciliate, apex sometimes divided into 2–3 filiform processes or obtuse; petiole 0.3–19.7 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate, oblong, elliptic, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.9–5.2 × 0.2–2.9 cm, length 0.8–7.1 times width, margins crenate, serrate, dentate, repand-denticulate, undulate-denticulate, sinuate, undulate, or entire, abaxial surface puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pubescent, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose. |
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Peduncles | 4–10 cm, puberulent. |
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Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue-violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, spur sometimes bearded, lowest 10–20 mm, spur usually white, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles. |
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Capsules | ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, glabrous. |
ovoid to ± spherical, 4–7 mm, puberulent. |
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Seeds | beige, mottled to bronze, or dark brown, 1.5–2 mm. |
light to dark brown or mottled gray and brown, 2–3.1 mm. |
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2n | = 54. |
= 12. |
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Viola villosa |
Viola purpurea |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy, pine-oak and pine-oak-hickory woods and disturbed ground | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TX
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Much of the foliage of Viola villosa remains green throughout the winter (V. B. Baird 1942). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). Varieties of Viola purpurea are variable and intergrade. All are found in California; six occur in other western states, one in Mexico, and one in British Columbia. Mature plants are needed for determination. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 163. | FNA vol. 6, p. 150. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | V. alabamensis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Walter: Fl. Carol., 219. (1788) | Kellogg: Pacific (San Francisco), 2 Feb. 1855: unnumb. (1855) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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